Commercial Property Insurance

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51 sources. Every citation number above resolves to a record below. Nothing here sits behind an account.

1. [1]

   Building And Personal Property Coverage Form CP 00 10 10 12 (ISO)(opens the original record on Insurance Services Office, Inc. (form text); posted in the Property Insurance Coverage Law Blog forms library (Merlin Law Group))

   Insurance Services Office, Inc. (form text); posted in the Property Insurance Coverage Law Blog forms library (Merlin Law Group)Standards bodyPrimaryJurisdiction USLast checked August 31, 2026Updates: ISO revises the commercial property program periodically; later editions and state-specific variants exist, and carriers may use manuscript forms.ID iso-cp-00-10-10-12

   What this source supports (26)

   • CP 00 10 10 12 is the Building And Personal Property Coverage Form, and it insures Building, Your Business Personal Property and Personal Property Of Others as separately scheduled coverages in the Declarations.
   • The form states that Covered Property means the types of property described in section A.1 and limited in section A.2 Property Not Covered, if a Limit Of Insurance is shown in the Declarations for that type of property.
   • The form describes Your Business Personal Property as property located in or on the described building or structure or in the open, or in a vehicle, within 100 feet of the building or structure or within 100 feet of the described premises, whichever distance is greater, and describes Personal Property Of Others as property in the insured's care, custody or control and located in or on the described building or structure or in the open, or in a vehicle, within 100 feet of the described premises.
   • The form carries Additional Coverages at A.4 and Coverage Extensions at A.5 in addition to the scheduled limits of insurance.
   • Section A.5 states that the Coverage Extensions apply to property located in or on the building described in the Declarations or in the open, or in a vehicle, within 100 feet of the described premises, and that the insured may extend the insurance provided by the Coverage Part as the Extensions describe if a coinsurance percentage of 80 percent or more, or a Value Reporting period symbol, is shown in the Declarations.
   • Section D Deductible provides that in any one occurrence of loss or damage the insurer will first reduce the amount of loss if required by the Coinsurance Condition or the Agreed Value Optional Coverage, will not pay if the adjusted amount of loss is less than or equal to the deductible, and will otherwise subtract the deductible from the adjusted amount of loss and pay the resulting amount or the Limit of Insurance, whichever is less.
   • Section D Deductible also states that when the occurrence involves loss to more than one item of Covered Property and separate Limits of Insurance apply, the losses will not be combined in determining application of the deductible, but the deductible will be applied only once per occurrence.
   • The Valuation loss condition in section E.7 states that the insurer will determine the value of Covered Property at actual cash value as of the time of loss or damage, except as provided in subparagraphs b., c., d. and e. of that condition.
   • Subparagraph E.7.b pays the cost of building repairs or replacement where the Limit of Insurance for Building satisfies the Coinsurance additional condition and the cost to repair or replace the damaged building property is $2,500 or less. That subparagraph states that the cost of building repairs or replacement does not include the increased cost attributable to enforcement of or compliance with any ordinance or law regulating the construction, use or repair of any property, and that awnings or floor coverings, appliances for refrigerating, ventilating, cooking, dishwashing or laundering, and outdoor equipment or furniture will be valued at actual cash value even when attached to the building.
   • Subparagraph E.7.c values Stock the insured has sold but not delivered at the selling price less discounts and expenses the insured otherwise would have had; E.7.d values glass at the cost of replacement with safety-glazing material if required by law; and E.7.e values tenants' improvements and betterments in three branches: at actual cash value if the insured makes repairs promptly; at a proportion of original cost, computed from the days from the loss to the expiration of the lease over the days from installation to that expiration, if it does not; and at nothing if others pay for repairs or replacement.
   • Coinsurance appears in section F.1 as an Additional Condition that applies only if a coinsurance percentage is shown in the Declarations.
   • The Coinsurance condition states that if one Limit of Insurance applies to two or more separate items, the condition applies to the total of all property to which the limit applies.
   • The Coinsurance condition states that the insurer will not pay the full amount of any loss if the value of Covered Property at the time of loss times the coinsurance percentage shown in the Declarations is greater than the Limit of Insurance for the property.
   • The Coinsurance condition sets out a calculation that multiplies the value of Covered Property at the time of loss by the coinsurance percentage, divides the Limit of Insurance by that figure, multiplies the total amount of loss before the application of any deductible by the resulting figure, and then subtracts the deductible, and states that the insurer will pay the amount so determined or the Limit of Insurance, whichever is less, and that for the remainder the insured will either have to rely on other insurance or absorb the loss itself.
   • Section F Additional Conditions also includes a Mortgageholders condition at F.2, which pays covered loss of or damage to buildings or structures to each mortgageholder shown in the Declarations in their order of precedence, as interests may appear.
   • Section G Optional Coverages apply only if shown as applicable in the Declarations and are Agreed Value, Inflation Guard, Replacement Cost, and Extension Of Replacement Cost To Personal Property Of Others.
   • The Agreed Value Optional Coverage states that the Additional Condition, Coinsurance, does not apply to Covered Property to which that Optional Coverage applies, that the insurer will pay no more for loss of or damage to that property than the proportion that the Limit of Insurance under the Coverage Part for the property bears to the Agreed Value shown for it in the Declarations, and that if the Agreed Value expiration date shown in the Declarations is not extended, the Coinsurance condition is reinstated and the Optional Coverage expires.
   • The Agreed Value Optional Coverage states that its terms apply only to loss or damage occurring on or after its effective date and before the earlier of the Agreed Value expiration date shown in the Declarations or the policy expiration date.
   • The Inflation Guard Optional Coverage automatically increases the Limit of Insurance for property to which it applies by the annual percentage shown in the Declarations, and computes the amount of increase as the Limit of Insurance that applied on the most recent of the policy inception date, policy anniversary date or other policy change amending the limit, times the annual percentage shown in the Declarations, times the number of days since that date divided by 365.
   • The Replacement Cost Optional Coverage states that Replacement Cost, without deduction for depreciation, replaces Actual Cash Value in the Valuation loss condition of the Coverage Form.
   • The Replacement Cost Optional Coverage states that it does not apply to four things: personal property of others; contents of a residence; works of art, antiques or rare articles including etchings, pictures, statuary, marbles, bronzes, porcelains and bric-a-brac; and Stock, unless the Including Stock option is shown in the Declarations.
   • The Replacement Cost Optional Coverage states that the insurer will not pay on a replacement cost basis until the lost or damaged property is actually repaired or replaced, and unless the repair or replacement is made as soon as reasonably possible after the loss or damage.
   • The Replacement Cost Optional Coverage allows the insured to make a claim on an actual cash value basis and still claim the additional amount that Optional Coverage provides if it notifies the insurer of its intent to do so within 180 days after the loss or damage.
   • The Replacement Cost Optional Coverage adds two branches for tenants' improvements and betterments: if the repair-or-replacement conditions are not met, their value is determined as a proportion of original cost as set out in the Valuation loss condition, and the insurer will not pay for loss or damage to them if others pay for repairs or replacement. The same Optional Coverage states that tenants' improvements and betterments are not considered to be the personal property of others under its terms.
   • The Extension Of Replacement Cost To Personal Property Of Others Optional Coverage at G.4 may be shown as applicable only if the Replacement Cost Optional Coverage is itself shown as applicable, deletes Paragraph 3.b.(1) of the Replacement Cost Optional Coverage so that the personal-property-of-others carve-out no longer applies, and provides that where an item of personal property of others is subject to a written contract governing the insured's liability for loss or damage to it, valuation of that item is based on the amount for which the insured is liable under that contract, but not to exceed the lesser of the replacement cost of the property or the applicable Limit of Insurance.
   • Section A.5 opens with the words Except as otherwise provided before describing where the Coverage Extensions apply.

   Published: 2012-10

   Active
2. [2]

   Causes Of Loss - Special Form CP 10 30 09 17 (ISO)(opens the original record on Insurance Services Office, Inc. (form text); posted as a sample by the New York State Office of General Services)

   Insurance Services Office, Inc. (form text); posted as a sample by the New York State Office of General ServicesStandards bodyPrimaryJurisdiction USLast checked August 31, 2026Updates: ISO revises the causes of loss forms periodically; state-specific variants exist.ID iso-cp-10-30-09-17

   What this source supports (27)

   • CP 10 30 09 17 is the Causes Of Loss - Special Form, and it states that when Special is shown in the Declarations, Covered Causes of Loss means direct physical loss unless the loss is excluded or limited in the policy.
   • The form is organized into sections A through G: A. Covered Causes Of Loss; B. Exclusions; C. Limitations; D. Additional Coverage - Collapse; E. Additional Coverage - Limited Coverage For Fungus, Wet Rot, Dry Rot And Bacteria; F. Additional Coverage Extensions; and G. Definitions.
   • The section B.1 exclusions are lettered a. through h.: Ordinance Or Law; Earth Movement; Governmental Action; Nuclear Hazard; Utility Services; War And Military Action; Water; and Fungus, Wet Rot, Dry Rot And Bacteria.
   • The section B.1 exclusions are introduced by language stating that the insurer will not pay for loss or damage caused directly or indirectly by any of the listed causes, and that such loss or damage is excluded regardless of any other cause or event that contributes concurrently or in any sequence to the loss.
   • Exclusion B.1.b Earth Movement lists earthquake including tremors and aftershocks and any related earth sinking, rising or shifting; landslide including any related earth sinking, rising or shifting; mine subsidence, meaning subsidence of a man-made mine; earth sinking other than sinkhole collapse, rising or shifting, including soil conditions that cause settling, cracking or other disarrangement of foundations or other parts of realty; and, separately at b.(5), volcanic eruption, explosion or effusion. The words other than sinkhole collapse are part of b.(4), and sinkhole collapse is one of the specified causes of loss defined at G.2 of this form.
   • The form states that if Earth Movement as described in b.(1) through (4) results in fire or explosion, the insurer will pay for the loss or damage caused by that fire or explosion.
   • The form separately states that if volcanic eruption, explosion or effusion results in fire, building glass breakage or Volcanic Action, the insurer will pay for the loss or damage caused by that fire, building glass breakage or Volcanic Action, and defines Volcanic Action as direct loss or damage resulting from the eruption of a volcano when caused by airborne volcanic blast or airborne shock waves, ash, dust or particulate matter, or lava flow, with all volcanic eruptions within any 168-hour period constituting a single occurrence, and states that Volcanic Action does not include the cost to remove ash, dust or particulate matter that does not cause direct physical loss or damage to the described property.
   • Exclusion B.1.b closes with a statement that the exclusion applies regardless of whether any of the causes in Paragraphs (1) through (5) is caused by an act of nature or is otherwise caused.
   • Exclusion B.1.c Governmental Action excludes seizure or destruction of property by order of governmental authority, but states that the insurer will pay for loss or damage caused by or resulting from acts of destruction ordered by governmental authority and taken at the time of a fire to prevent its spread, if the fire would be covered under the Coverage Part.
   • Exclusion B.1.d Nuclear Hazard excludes nuclear reaction or radiation, or radioactive contamination, however caused, but states that if any of those results in fire, the insurer will pay for the loss or damage caused by that fire.
   • The form states that Exclusions B.1.a. through B.1.h. apply whether or not the loss event results in widespread damage or affects a substantial area.
   • Exclusion B.1.a Ordinance Or Law excludes the enforcement of or compliance with any ordinance or law regulating the construction, use or repair of any property, or requiring the tearing down of any property including the cost of removing its debris, and states that it applies whether the loss results from an ordinance enforced even if the property has not been damaged or from increased costs incurred to comply with an ordinance in the course of construction, repair, renovation, remodeling or demolition of property or removal of its debris following a physical loss.
   • Exclusion B.1.e Utility Services excludes the failure of power, communication, water or other utility service supplied to the described premises, however caused, where the failure originates away from the described premises or originates at the premises but involves equipment used to supply the utility service from a source away from the premises, and also excludes loss caused by a surge of power that would not have occurred but for an event causing a failure of power, with a stated exception where the failure or surge results in a Covered Cause of Loss. The form adds that failure of any utility service includes lack of sufficient capacity and reduction in supply, and that communication services include but are not limited to service relating to Internet access or access to any electronic, cellular or satellite network.
   • Of exclusions B.1.c through B.1.f, three carry a stated exception in the form text: Governmental Action at B.1.c, Nuclear Hazard at B.1.d and Utility Services at B.1.e. Exclusion B.1.f War And Military Action, which lists war including undeclared or civil war, warlike action by a military force, and insurrection, rebellion, revolution, usurped power or action taken by governmental authority in hindering or defending against any of these, carries no stated exception in this form.
   • Exclusion B.1.g Water excludes flood, surface water, waves including tidal wave and tsunami, tides, tidal water, overflow of any body of water, or spray from any of these, whether or not driven by wind including storm surge; mudslide or mudflow; water that backs up or overflows or is otherwise discharged from a sewer, drain, sump, sump pump or related equipment; water under the ground surface pressing on or flowing or seeping through foundations, walls, floors, paved surfaces, basements, doors, windows or other openings; and waterborne material carried or moved by that water or by mudslide or mudflow. The form states the exclusion applies regardless of whether any of Paragraphs (1) through (5) is caused by an act of nature or is otherwise caused, and gives the failure of a dam, levee, seawall or other boundary or containment system as an example. Its exception reads that if any of Paragraphs (1) through (5) results in fire, explosion or sprinkler leakage, the insurer will pay for the loss or damage caused by that fire, explosion or sprinkler leakage, followed by the parenthetical qualifier if sprinkler leakage is a Covered Cause of Loss.
   • Exclusion B.1.h excludes presence, growth, proliferation, spread or any activity of fungus, wet or dry rot or bacteria, states that if those result in a specified cause of loss the insurer will pay for the loss caused by that specified cause of loss, and states that the exclusion does not apply where the fungus, wet or dry rot or bacteria result from fire or lightning, or to the extent coverage is provided in the Additional Coverage at section E with respect to loss or damage by a cause of loss other than fire or lightning.
   • Exclusion B.2.d runs d.(1) through d.(7): (1) wear and tear; (2) rust or other corrosion, decay, deterioration, hidden or latent defect or any quality in property that causes it to damage or destroy itself; (3) smog; (4) settling, cracking, shrinking or expansion; (5) nesting or infestation, or discharge or release of waste products or secretions, by insects, birds, rodents or other animals; (6) mechanical breakdown, including rupture or bursting caused by centrifugal force; and (7) dampness or dryness of atmosphere, changes in or extremes of temperature, and marring or scratching, each stated as causes of loss to personal property.
   • Exclusion B.2.d.(6) states that if mechanical breakdown results in elevator collision, the insurer will pay for the loss or damage caused by that elevator collision.
   • Paragraph B.2.d closes with a general exception: if an excluded cause of loss listed in 2.d.(1) through (7) results in a specified cause of loss or building glass breakage, the insurer will pay for the loss or damage caused by that specified cause of loss or building glass breakage.
   • Exclusion B.2.h excludes dishonest or criminal act, including theft, by the named insured, its partners, members, officers, managers, employees including temporary employees and leased workers, directors, trustees or authorized representatives, whether acting alone or in collusion with each other or with any other party, and separately excludes theft by any person to whom the insured entrusts the property for any purpose, whether acting alone or in collusion with any other party.
   • Exclusion B.2.h states that it applies whether or not an act occurs during the insured's normal hours of operation, and that it does not apply to acts of destruction by the insured's employees, including temporary employees and leased workers, or authorized representatives, but that theft by those same people is not covered.
   • Exclusion B.2.m excludes neglect of an insured to use all reasonable means to save and preserve property from further damage at and after the time of loss.
   • Section B.3 excludes weather conditions where they contribute in any way with a cause or event excluded in Paragraph B.1 to produce the loss; acts or decisions, including the failure to act or decide, of any person, group, organization or governmental body; and faulty, inadequate or defective planning, zoning, development, surveying, siting, design, specifications, workmanship, repair, construction, renovation, remodeling, grading, compaction, materials used in repair, construction, renovation or remodeling, or maintenance. Section B.3 states that if an excluded cause of loss listed in 3.a. through 3.c. results in a Covered Cause of Loss, the insurer will pay for the loss or damage caused by that Covered Cause of Loss.
   • Section D Additional Coverage - Collapse states that the coverage applies only to an abrupt collapse as described and limited in D.1 through D.7, and that it will not increase the Limits of Insurance provided in the Coverage Part.
   • Section E Additional Coverage - Limited Coverage For Fungus, Wet Rot, Dry Rot And Bacteria applies only where the fungus, wet or dry rot or bacteria result from a specified cause of loss other than fire or lightning, or from flood if the Flood Coverage Endorsement applies to the affected premises, occurring during the policy period, and only if all reasonable means were used to save and preserve the property from further damage at the time of and after that occurrence. The coverage described at E.2 is limited to $15,000 as the most the insurer will pay for the total of all such loss or damage taking place in a 12-month period, and the Limited Coverage does not increase the applicable Limit of Insurance on any Covered Property.
   • Section F Additional Coverage Extensions of this form are 1. Property In Transit, 2. Water Damage, Other Liquids, Powder Or Molten Material Damage, and 3. Glass.
   • Section G Definitions of this form contains exactly two defined terms: 1. Fungus and 2. Specified causes of loss. There is no defined term Water in this form, and water damage is defined only inside the Specified causes of loss definition at G.2.c. Volcanic Action is defined in the body of exclusion B.1.b rather than in Section G.

   Published: 2017-09

   Active
3. [3]

   Business Income (And Extra Expense) Coverage Form CP 00 30 10 12 (ISO)(opens the original record on Insurance Services Office, Inc. (form text); posted in the Property Insurance Coverage Law Blog forms library (Merlin Law Group))

   Insurance Services Office, Inc. (form text); posted in the Property Insurance Coverage Law Blog forms library (Merlin Law Group)Standards bodyPrimaryJurisdiction USLast checked August 31, 2026Updates: ISO revises the commercial property program periodically; later editions exist and the waiting period and optional coverage structure can differ by edition, state variant, or carrier form.ID iso-cp-00-30-10-12

   What this source supports (13)

   • CP 00 30 10 12 is the Business Income (And Extra Expense) Coverage Form, a separate commercial property coverage form from the Building And Personal Property Coverage Form.
   • The form defines Business Income as the Net Income, meaning net profit or loss before income taxes, that would have been earned or incurred, plus continuing normal operating expenses incurred, including payroll, and states that for manufacturing risks Net Income includes the net sales value of production.
   • The form states that the insurer will pay for the actual loss of Business Income the insured sustains due to the necessary suspension of its operations during the period of restoration, and that the suspension must be caused by direct physical loss of or damage to property at premises described in the Declarations for which a Business Income Limit Of Insurance is shown, with the loss or damage caused by or resulting from a Covered Cause of Loss.
   • Extra Expense means necessary expenses the insured incurs during the period of restoration that it would not have incurred if there had been no direct physical loss or damage to property caused by or resulting from a Covered Cause of Loss.
   • Period of restoration begins 72 hours after the time of direct physical loss or damage for Business Income Coverage and immediately after the time of direct physical loss or damage for Extra Expense Coverage.
   • Period of restoration ends on the earlier of the date when the property at the described premises should be repaired, rebuilt or replaced with reasonable speed and similar quality, or the date when business is resumed at a new permanent location.
   • Period of restoration does not include any increased period required due to the enforcement of or compliance with any ordinance or law that regulates the construction, use or repair, or requires the tearing down, of any property.
   • Suspension means the slowdown or cessation of the insured's business activities, or that a part or all of the described premises is rendered untenantable, where Rental Value coverage applies.
   • The form contains its own Coinsurance Additional Condition, which applies if a coinsurance percentage is shown in the Declarations and measures adequacy against the coinsurance percentage times the sum of Net Income and operating expenses including payroll that would have been earned or incurred for the 12 months following the inception or last previous anniversary date of the policy, whichever is later.
   • The Business Income coinsurance calculation multiplies that 12-month net income and operating expense figure by the coinsurance percentage, divides the Limit of Insurance by that figure, and multiplies the total amount of loss by the resulting figure, paying the lesser of that result or the limit of insurance.
   • The form's Optional Coverages are Maximum Period Of Indemnity, Monthly Limit Of Indemnity, Business Income Agreed Value, and Extended Period Of Indemnity.
   • The Maximum Period Of Indemnity and Monthly Limit Of Indemnity Optional Coverages each state that the Additional Condition, Coinsurance, does not apply.
   • Business Income coverage may be written as Business Income Including Rental Value, or as Rental Value only, depending on which option is selected in the Declarations.

   Published: 2012-10

   Active
4. [4]

   Commercial General Liability Coverage Form CG 00 01 04 13 (ISO)(opens the original record on Insurance Services Office, Inc. (form text); published as a downloadable coverage form specimen by Berxi (Berkshire Hathaway Specialty Insurance))

   Insurance Services Office, Inc. (form text); published as a downloadable coverage form specimen by Berxi (Berkshire Hathaway Specialty Insurance)Standards bodyPrimaryJurisdiction USLast checked August 31, 2026Updates: ISO revises the CGL coverage form periodically; edition dates and state-specific variants differ, and carriers may use their own non-ISO forms.ID iso-cg-00-01-04-13

   What this source supports (37)

   • In CG 00 01 04 13, the Coverage A insuring agreement states that the insurer will pay those sums that the insured becomes legally obligated to pay as damages because of bodily injury or property damage to which the insurance applies, and that the insurer will have the right and duty to defend the insured against any suit seeking those damages.
   • The form states that the insurer will have no duty to defend the insured against any suit seeking damages for bodily injury or property damage to which the insurance does not apply.
   • The form states that the insurer's right and duty to defend ends when it has used up the applicable limit of insurance in the payment of judgments or settlements under Coverages A or B or medical expenses under Coverage C.
   • Coverage A applies to bodily injury and property damage only if the injury or damage is caused by an occurrence that takes place in the coverage territory and occurs during the policy period, subject to the form's prior-knowledge provisions.
   • The form defines occurrence as an accident, including continuous or repeated exposure to substantially the same general harmful conditions.
   • Supplementary Payments under Coverages A and B include all expenses the insurer incurs, and the form states that these payments will not reduce the limits of insurance.
   • Section III Limits Of Insurance sets a General Aggregate Limit, a Products-Completed Operations Aggregate Limit, a Personal And Advertising Injury Limit, an Each Occurrence Limit, a Damage To Premises Rented To You Limit, and a Medical Expense Limit.
   • The General Aggregate Limit is the most the insurer will pay for the sum of medical expenses under Coverage C, damages under Coverage A other than damages included in the products-completed operations hazard, and damages under Coverage B.
   • The Products-Completed Operations Aggregate Limit is the most the insurer will pay under Coverage A for damages because of bodily injury and property damage included in the products-completed operations hazard.
   • The Each Occurrence Limit is the most the insurer will pay for the sum of damages under Coverage A and medical expenses under Coverage C because of all bodily injury and property damage arising out of any one occurrence.
   • The Damage To Premises Rented To You Limit, subject to the Each Occurrence Limit, is the most the insurer will pay under Coverage A for damages because of property damage to any one premises while rented to the insured, or in the case of damage by fire, while rented to or temporarily occupied by the insured with permission of the owner.
   • The Medical Expense Limit, subject to the Each Occurrence Limit, is the most the insurer will pay under Coverage C for all medical expenses because of bodily injury sustained by any one person.
   • The form states that the Limits of Insurance of the Coverage Part apply separately to each consecutive annual period and to any remaining period of less than 12 months, starting with the beginning of the policy period shown in the Declarations.
   • The Coverage A exclusions in CG 00 01 04 13 are lettered a. through q.: Expected Or Intended Injury; Contractual Liability; Liquor Liability; Workers' Compensation And Similar Laws; Employer's Liability; Pollution; Aircraft, Auto Or Watercraft; Mobile Equipment; War; Damage To Property; Damage To Your Product; Damage To Your Work; Damage To Impaired Property Or Property Not Physically Injured; Recall Of Products, Work Or Impaired Property; Personal And Advertising Injury; Electronic Data; and Recording And Distribution Of Material Or Information In Violation Of Law.
   • The Coverage A list of exclusions in this base form does not include a professional services exclusion.
   • Exclusion b. Contractual Liability removes bodily injury or property damage for which the insured is obligated to pay damages by reason of the assumption of liability in a contract or agreement, and states that the exclusion does not apply to liability for damages that the insured would have in the absence of the contract or agreement, or to liability assumed in a contract or agreement that is an insured contract, provided the bodily injury or property damage occurs subsequent to the execution of the contract or agreement.
   • The form defines insured contract to include a contract for a lease of premises with a stated fire-damage carve-out, a sidetrack agreement, an easement or license agreement with a stated railroad exception, an obligation required by ordinance to indemnify a municipality with a stated exception, an elevator maintenance agreement, and that part of any other contract or agreement pertaining to the insured's business under which the insured assumes the tort liability of another party to pay for bodily injury or property damage to a third person or organization.
   • Nothing in the Contractual Liability exclusion or its insured contract exception amends Section II Who Is An Insured or confers additional insured status.
   • Coverage A exclusion a. Expected Or Intended Injury states, in the same paragraph, that the exclusion does not apply to bodily injury resulting from the use of reasonable force to protect persons or property.
   • The insured contract exception in exclusion b. also provides that, solely for the purposes of liability assumed in an insured contract, reasonable attorneys' fees and necessary litigation expenses incurred by or for a party other than an insured are deemed to be damages because of bodily injury or property damage, provided liability for that party's defense was also assumed in the same insured contract and the fees and expenses are for defense of that party against a civil or alternative dispute resolution proceeding in which damages to which the insurance applies are alleged.
   • Coverage A exclusion c. Liquor Liability removes bodily injury or property damage for which any insured may be held liable by reason of causing or contributing to the intoxication of any person, the furnishing of alcoholic beverages to a person under the legal drinking age or under the influence of alcohol, or any statute, ordinance or regulation relating to the sale, gift, distribution or use of alcoholic beverages.
   • The Liquor Liability exclusion states that it applies even if the claims allege negligence or other wrongdoing in the supervision, hiring, employment, training or monitoring of others by that insured, or in providing or failing to provide transportation with respect to any person that may be under the influence of alcohol, if the occurrence involved one of the three listed grounds.
   • The Liquor Liability exclusion closes with a limiting clause stating that the exclusion applies only if the named insured is in the business of manufacturing, distributing, selling, serving or furnishing alcoholic beverages, and that permitting a person to bring alcoholic beverages on the named insured's premises for consumption on those premises, whether or not a fee is charged or a license is required for that activity, is not by itself considered the business of selling, serving or furnishing alcoholic beverages.
   • Coverage A exclusion e. Employer's Liability reaches bodily injury to an employee of the insured arising out of and in the course of employment by the insured or of performing duties related to the conduct of the insured's business, and to that employee's spouse, child, parent, brother or sister as a consequence, and applies whether the insured may be liable as an employer or in any other capacity and to any obligation to share damages with or repay someone else. The form then states that the exclusion does not apply to liability assumed by the insured under an insured contract.
   • Coverage A exclusion f. Pollution excludes bodily injury or property damage arising out of the actual, alleged or threatened discharge, dispersal, seepage, migration, release or escape of pollutants at or from premises the insured owns, occupies, rents or borrows, and at or from premises where the insured or its contractors are performing operations if the pollutants are brought on in connection with those operations, subject to stated subparagraph exceptions.
   • One stated exception to the pollution exclusion is bodily injury sustained within a building and caused by smoke, fumes, vapor or soot produced by or originating from equipment used to heat, cool or dehumidify the building.
   • Exclusion f.(2) also excludes loss, cost or expense arising out of a request, demand, order or statutory or regulatory requirement that any insured or others test for, monitor, clean up, remove, contain, treat, detoxify or neutralize pollutants, or a claim or suit by or on behalf of a governmental authority for such damages.
   • Exclusion f.(2) closes with a stated exception providing that the paragraph does not apply to liability for damages because of property damage that the insured would have in the absence of such request, demand, order or statutory or regulatory requirement, or of such claim or suit by or on behalf of a governmental authority.
   • Coverage A exclusion k. Damage To Your Product removes property damage to the insured's product arising out of it or any part of it, and carries no stated exception in this form.
   • Coverage A exclusion l. Damage To Your Work removes property damage to the insured's work arising out of it or any part of it and included in the products-completed operations hazard, and states that the exclusion does not apply if the damaged work, or the work out of which the damage arises, was performed on the named insured's behalf by a subcontractor.
   • Coverage A exclusion m. Damage To Impaired Property Or Property Not Physically Injured removes property damage to impaired property or to property that has not been physically injured arising out of a defect, deficiency, inadequacy or dangerous condition in the insured's product or work, or out of a delay or failure by the insured or anyone acting on its behalf to perform a contract or agreement in accordance with its terms, and states that the exclusion does not apply to the loss of use of other property arising out of sudden and accidental physical injury to the insured's product or work after it has been put to its intended use.
   • Coverage A exclusion n. Recall Of Products, Work Or Impaired Property removes damages claimed for any loss, cost or expense incurred by the insured or others for the loss of use, withdrawal, recall, inspection, repair, replacement, adjustment, removal or disposal of the insured's product, work or impaired property, and applies only if such product, work or property is withdrawn or recalled from the market or from use by any person or organization because of a known or suspected defect, deficiency, inadequacy or dangerous condition in it.
   • Coverage A exclusion p. Electronic Data removes damages arising out of the loss of, loss of use of, damage to, corruption of, inability to access or inability to manipulate electronic data, and states in the same paragraph that the exclusion does not apply to liability for damages because of bodily injury.
   • Coverage A exclusion i. War excludes bodily injury or property damage arising directly or indirectly out of war including undeclared or civil war, warlike action by a military force, and insurrection, rebellion, revolution, usurped power or action taken by governmental authority in hindering or defending against any of these.
   • Coverage A exclusion q. excludes bodily injury or property damage arising directly or indirectly out of any action or omission that violates or is alleged to violate the Telephone Consumer Protection Act, the CAN-SPAM Act of 2003, the Fair Credit Reporting Act including the Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act amendment, or any other similar statute, ordinance or regulation.
   • Section III Limits Of Insurance in this base form sets limits only and contains no liability deductible provision.
   • Coverage B is Personal And Advertising Injury Liability, has its own limit of insurance and its own exclusions including a pollution exclusion, and Coverage C is Medical Payments, whose payments are made regardless of fault and cannot exceed the applicable limit of insurance.

   Published: 2013-04

   Active
5. [5]

   Commercial Insurance Guide (CDI Form 700)(opens the original record on California Department of Insurance)

   California Department of InsuranceRegulatorPrimaryJurisdiction CALast checked August 31, 2026Updates: revised by the California Department of Insurance without a fixed schedule; the page carries the marker Form 700 Revised June 14, 2024ID ca-cdi-commercial-insurance-guide

   What this source supports (33)

   • The guide's glossary entry headed 'Claims Made' reads: a liability insurance policy where coverage applies to claims filed during the policy period no matter when the loss occurred subject to a retroactive inception date.
   • The guide's glossary entry headed 'Occurrence' reads: a liability insurance policy that covers claims arising out of occurrences that take place during the policy period, regardless of when the claim is filed.
   • CDI states that there are three primary coverage sections that make up a CGL policy: premises liability, products liability and completed operations.
   • CDI describes CGL coverage as comprehensive in nature, covering all hazards within the scope of the insuring agreement that are not otherwise excluded.
   • CDI states that the major exclusions under a CGL policy include intentional injury; insured contracts; liquor liability; workers compensation and employers liability; pollution; aircraft; automobile; watercraft; mobile equipment; war; care, custody, and control; damage to your work; impaired property; sistership liability; and failure to perform.
   • CDI describes specified perils as consisting of a list of each peril to be insured against, such as fire, explosion, windstorm and vandalism, and describes open perils coverage as covering all losses unless they are specifically excluded.
   • CDI states that earth movement (including earthquake) and flood are two common perils that are excluded under open perils coverage.
   • CDI describes three commercial property valuation approaches: actual cash value, agreed value, which it says waives any coinsurance penalty and pays 100 percent of the stated amount, and replacement cost, which it describes as the amount it takes to replace property with new property of like kind and quality up to the limits of insurance.
   • CDI describes coinsurance as an insurance clause that defines the amount of each loss the company pays according to the amount of insurance carried divided by the amount of insurance required, and states that a policyholder can be subject to a monetary penalty at the time of a loss where a building is not insured to value.
   • CDI states that business interruption coverage replaces lost business income after a covered loss.
   • CDI describes a Business Owners Policy (BOP) as a combination commercial policy that covers property, general liability and business interruption.
   • CDI states that when a business has had three applications turned down from a licensed commercial insurance carrier, with written documentation of the declination, it can proceed to obtain insurance from the surplus line market.
   • CDI states that a surplus line company can only be accessed through a specially licensed broker who holds a surplus line license issued by the CDI.
   • CDI states that although surplus line insurers must follow the Fair Claims Settlement Practices Regulations, the CDI has limited jurisdiction over the operation of surplus line insurers.
   • CDI states that the California Insurance Guarantee Association (CIGA), which protects claims with admitted insurers, does not apply to surplus line insurers.
   • There are three primary coverage sections that make up a CGL policy: premises liability, products liability and completed operations.
   • Premises liability covers liability for accidental injury or property damage that results from either a condition on your premises or your operations in progress, whether on or away from your premises.
   • A products liability hazard exists for any business that manufactures, sells, handles, or distributes goods or products.
   • Completed operations covers your potential liability for bodily injury or property damage that arises out of your completed work.
   • The CGL policy has separate limits of insurance for general liability, fire legal liability, products and completed operations liability, advertising and personal liability, and medical payments.
   • The page carries the line Form 700 Revised June 14, 2024.
   • The guide states that inland marine is a specialized type of property insurance that primarily covers damage to or destruction of your business property while in transport.
   • The guide states that inland marine insurance can cover a variety of transportation exposures, however it does not cover boating transportation, which is covered under ocean marine insurance.
   • The guide states that some of the most common types of coverage offered are accounts receivable insurance, consignment insurance, equipment floaters (i.e., contractors equipment), installation floaters, motor truck cargo insurance, trip transit insurance, and valuable papers (records) insurance.
   • The guide states that standard perils in inland marine may include fire, lightning, windstorm, flood, earthquake, landslide, theft, collision, derailment, overturn of the transporting vehicle, and bridge collapse.
   • The guide states that commercial property insurance can protect a business owner from some of the most common losses experienced by business owners, such as property damage, business interruption, theft, liability, and worker injury.
   • The guide states that an aggregate limit of liability is in force for the general liability, fire legal liability, advertising and personal liability, and medical payments claims.
   • The guide states that when total claims for all these areas exceed a stated annual aggregate limit of liability, the policy limits are exhausted and no more claims will be paid from the policy for the duration of the policy period.
   • The guide states that there is also a separate aggregate limit of liability in force for products and completed operations liability claims.
   • The guide defines split limits as the technique for expressing limits of liability coverage under a particular insurance policy by stating separate limits for different types of claims growing out of a single event or combination of events.
   • The guide states that if a building is not insured to value the insured can be subject to a monetary penalty at the time of a loss, commonly referred to as coinsurance, and defines coinsurance as an insurance clause that defines the amount of each loss that the company pays according to the amount of insurance carried, divided by the amount of insurance required.
   • The guide states that the California Insurance Guarantee Association (CIGA), which protects claims with admitted insurers, does not apply to surplus line insurers.
   • The guide states that while surplus line companies are not licensed by the CDI, they do have to go through an approval process that includes providing evidence of minimum capital and surplus requirements.

   Fetched 2026-08-31 and both glossary entries read off the page. The '?page=3' query parameter used in the earlier draft is inert and has been dropped from the URL. publishedDate is taken from the page's own 'Form 700 Revised June 14, 2024' marker. This is a consumer guide glossary and the weakest authority in the bundle; it is cited only for the two trigger definitions. It does not address retroactive dates, extended reporting periods, or which lines are written on which trigger. Published: 2024-06-14 Effective: 2024-06-14

   Active
6. [6]

   California Insurance Code Section 530(opens the original record on California Legislative Information (California Legislature))

   California Legislative Information (California Legislature)Primary lawPrimaryJurisdiction CALast checked August 31, 2026Updates: Enacted by Stats. 1935, Ch. 145; verify current text at leginfo.ID ca-ins-code-530

   What this source supports (1)

   • Insurance Code section 530 states that an insurer is liable for a loss of which a peril insured against was the proximate cause, although a peril not contemplated by the contract may have been a remote cause of the loss, but is not liable for a loss of which the peril insured against was only a remote cause.

   Published: 1935-01-01

   Active
7. [7]

   Cyber COPE (R) Transforming Cyber Underwriting (by Patrick Thielen)(opens the original record on Chubb)

   ChubbCarrier officialSecondaryJurisdiction USLast checked August 31, 2026Updates: Standalone whitepaper; no published revision schedule.ID chubb-cyber-cope-whitepaper

   What this source supports (4)

   • The paper defines COPE as Construction, Occupancy, Protection, and Exposures, and calls it a straightforward and effective method of examining diverse measurements to help underwriters make better decisions about property risk.
   • The paper refers to COPE as a time-tested property underwriting model.
   • The paper opens with four sample questions it says insurance companies ask so they can properly and thoroughly underwrite risks presented for coverage: how tall is your office building, how close is the nearest fire hydrant, does the building have an alarm system, and are you in a flood zone.
   • The paper states that in the 1700s the risk of fire made it difficult for many commercial property owners to secure the insurance coverage they needed, and that over time the industry adopted the COPE concept.

   Fetched today. WebFetch returned PDF binary, so the text was extracted locally with pdftotext -layout and read directly. The title page reads Cyber COPE (registered mark) Transforming Cyber Underwriting, with no colon, and credits Patrick Thielen; the registered-trademark symbol is transliterated as (R) here to keep the record ASCII. No publication date appears in the extracted text, so publishedDate is left unknown. This is a cyber underwriting paper that describes the property COPE model it is adapting; it is cited only for its description of COPE, not as a commercial property underwriting guide. It says nothing about whether carriers must use COPE or about how application forms were designed.

   Active
8. [8]

   ACORD 140 (2007/09) Property Section(opens the original record on ACORD (standard form; third-party copy hosted by Provider Risk))

   ACORD (standard form; third-party copy hosted by Provider Risk)Standards bodyPrimaryJurisdiction USThird-party reproductionLast checked September 1, 2026Updates: annuallyID acord-140-property-section

   What this source supports (9)

   • The footer of this form reads ACORD 140 (2007/09), ATTACH TO ACORD 125, and carries a 1985-2007 ACORD Corporation copyright line.
   • Per building, the form collects CONSTRUCTION TYPE, number of open sides on the structure, PROT CL, number of stories, number of basements, year built, and total area.
   • The form has a BUILDING IMPROVEMENTS block asking for WIRING YR, ROOFING YR, PLUMBING YR, HEATING YR, and OTHER YR, plus BLDG CODE GRADE, TAX CODE, ROOF TYPE, and OTHER OCCUPANCIES fields.
   • The form collects DISTANCE TO HYDRANT and FIRE STAT with FT and MI subheads, FIRE DISTRICT/CODE NUMBER, PREMISES FIRE PROTECTION (Sprinklers, Standpipes, CO2/Chemical Systems), % SPRNK, FIRE ALARM MANUFACTURER with CENTRAL STATION and LOCAL GONG options, and BURGLAR ALARM TYPE with CERTIFICATE #, EXPIRATION DATE, CENTRAL STATION, EXTENT, GRADE, and number of guards or watchmen.
   • The form collects RIGHT, LEFT, FRONT, and REAR EXPOSURE & DISTANCE, and has a WIND CLASS field with SEMI-RESISTIVE and RESISTIVE options.
   • The form directs that business income and extra expense information attaches on ACORD 810 and value reporting information attaches on ACORD 811.
   • The form's general fraud warning paragraph reads: ANY PERSON WHO KNOWINGLY AND WITH INTENT TO DEFRAUD ANY INSURANCE COMPANY OR ANOTHER PERSON FILES AN APPLICATION FOR INSURANCE OR STATEMENT OF CLAIM CONTAINING ANY MATERIALLY FALSE INFORMATION, OR CONCEALS FOR THE PURPOSE OF MISLEADING INFORMATION CONCERNING ANY FACT MATERIAL THERETO, COMMITS A FRAUDULENT INSURANCE ACT, WHICH IS A CRIME AND SUBJECTS THE PERSON TO CRIMINAL AND [NY: SUBSTANTIAL] CIVIL PENALTIES.
   • That same paragraph is followed by the parenthetical: Not applicable in CO, FL, HI, MA, NE, OH, OK, OR or VT; in DC, LA, ME, TN, VA and WA, insurance benefits may also be denied.
   • The form carries separate substitute fraud-warning paragraphs for Florida and for Massachusetts, Nebraska, Oregon, and Vermont.

   Fetched today. WebFetch returned PDF binary, so the text was extracted locally with pdftotext -layout and the field labels and fraud-warning paragraphs were read verbatim. Two limits recorded honestly: this is a third-party mirror of a copyrighted ACORD standard form rather than a file served by ACORD, because ACORD distributes forms to licensed users; and 2007/09 is a superseded edition, so every statement drawn from it is edition-specific and is labeled as such in the prose. The form does not say what classification system fills the PROT CL field.

   SupersededReproduction
9. [9]

   Texas FAIR Plan Association Commercial Property Owners Association Program Underwriting Manual(opens the original record on Texas FAIR Plan Association)

   Texas FAIR Plan AssociationCarrier officialPrimaryJurisdiction TXLast checked August 31, 2026Updates: Revised periodically; page footers throughout the verified copy read 3/10/2025.ID tfpa-commercial-poa-underwriting-manual

   What this source supports (6)

   • The manual's Introduction states that the Texas FAIR Plan Association was established by Insurance Code Chapter 2211.
   • This manual governs the Association's Commercial Property Owners Association program, and the eligible classes it lists are Residential Condominium Associations and Homeowner Associations.
   • The manual's Submission Requirements for Quote list an eligible class of Commercial Property, a declination of coverage from two standard market carriers (noting that cancellation or nonrenewal by an authorized insurer may count as a declination), Covenants, Conditions and Restrictions, a Statement of Values for all buildings and structures, a replacement cost valuation for each building or structure using MSB or another acceptable valuation method or tool, and Loss Reports for the last 5 years.
   • The manual states that roofs must meet certain insurability standards and that risks with existing damage or deteriorated roofs may not be acceptable for coverage, and it lists common warning signs for composition shingle, wood, and flat roof surfaces.
   • The manual states that sprinkler systems must be maintained and working.
   • The manual states that an underwriting report will be requested on each application in order to determine eligibility.

   Fetched today. WebFetch returned PDF binary, so the text was extracted locally with pdftotext -layout and the Submission Requirements for Quote, Roofing, Underwriting Reports, and Introduction sections were read directly. Scope matters and is stated in the prose: this is a Texas-only residual market plan, and this particular manual covers a commercial residential program for condominium and homeowner associations. It is cited as one published example of a program checklist, never as evidence of general commercial property market practice. Published: 2025-03-10 Effective: 2025-03-10

   Active
10. [10]

    California Insurance Code section 679.7 (premium and loss history report)(opens the original record on California Legislative Information (California Legislature))

    California Legislative Information (California Legislature)Primary lawPrimaryJurisdiction CALast checked August 31, 2026Updates: Statute; changes only by legislative amendment. Check leginfo for the current version.ID ca-ins-code-679-7

    What this source supports (6)

    • The section requires an insurer, on written request from the insured or the agent or broker of record, to provide a premium and loss history report in the circumstances the section lists, which include cancellation, nonrenewal, a request within 60 days before renewal, a drop in the insurer's rating below the stated levels, and the insurer being conserved or ordered to cease writing.
    • The report must cover the account's tenure or the three-year period ending with the inception of the current policy period, whichever is shorter, plus losses in the current period.
    • The report must include a list of individual claims detailed by date of claim and total incurred and paid losses.
    • The report must be provided within 10 business days of receiving the request.
    • The section applies only to policies of commercial insurance that are subject to Insurance Code sections 675.5 and 676.6, except for professional liability insurance.
    • The requirement does not apply where the policyholder is provided direct, ongoing access to claims information by the insurer.

    Fetched today from the official leginfo section page and the operative language confirmed. The page did not surface an enactment or last-amended date in the fetched text, so publishedDate is left unknown. The prose uses the word including for the list of triggering circumstances because the statute's list is longer than the prose repeats. This section governs what an insurer must hand over on request; it says nothing about what an underwriter may ask a new applicant for.

    Active
11. [11]

    Or. Admin. Code 836-080-0810, Provision of Commercial Loss Runs(opens the original record on Cornell Legal Information Institute (reproduction of the Oregon Administrative Rules))

    Cornell Legal Information Institute (reproduction of the Oregon Administrative Rules)SecondarySecondaryJurisdiction ORThird-party reproductionLast checked August 31, 2026Updates: Administrative rule; amended through Oregon rulemaking. Verify the current text in the Oregon Administrative Rules Database maintained by the Oregon Secretary of State.ID or-admin-code-836-080-0810

    What this source supports (4)

    • The rule requires property and casualty insurers or their appointed producers of record to make loss runs available to current and prior commercial policyholders within 15 calendar days upon request.
    • The insurer must provide five years of loss runs, or, if the commercial policyholder has been insured with that insurer for less than five years, for the entire period the policyholder has been insured with that insurer.
    • Loss runs related to workers' compensation insurance must not include confidential worker medical and vocational claim records pursuant to ORS 656.360 and 656.362.
    • Violation of the rule is an unfair trade practice for the purpose of ORS 746.240.

    Fetched today and the rule text confirmed. authorityLevel is recorded as secondary and primary as false on purpose: what was actually fetched is a faithful third-party reproduction, not a page served by the Oregon Secretary of State's OARD or by the Oregon Division of Financial Regulation. The official citation is OAR 836-080-0810. The OARD database does not expose a stable direct URL for a single rule that could be recorded here, and the DFR division 080 page does not serve this rule's text, so the same text was independently confirmed at a second reproduction, recorded separately as or-oar-836-080-0810-public-law.

    ActiveReproduction
12. [12]

    OAR 836-080-0810, Provision of Commercial Loss Runs(opens the original record on Public.Law (OregonLaws reproduction of the Oregon Administrative Rules))

    Public.Law (OregonLaws reproduction of the Oregon Administrative Rules)SecondarySecondaryJurisdiction ORLast checked August 31, 2026Updates: Administrative rule; amended through Oregon rulemaking. Verify the current text in the Oregon Administrative Rules Database.ID or-oar-836-080-0810-public-law

    What this source supports (1)

    • This reproduction carries the same rule title, Provision of Commercial Loss Runs, and the same operative text as the Cornell reproduction: loss runs made available to current and prior commercial policyholders within 15 calendar days upon request, five years of loss runs or the entire period insured if shorter, the workers' compensation confidential record exclusion under ORS 656.360 and 656.362, and violation as an unfair trade practice for the purpose of ORS 746.240.

    Fetched today solely as a corroborating second reproduction of OAR 836-080-0810, because the official OARD page could not be cited by a stable URL. Like the Cornell copy, it is a reproduction rather than an official regulator-served page, so authorityLevel is secondary. The page did not show a last-amended date.

    Active
13. [13]

    ISO's Public Protection Classification (PPC) Program, How the Program Works(opens the original record on Verisk (ISO Community Hazard Mitigation Services))

    Verisk (ISO Community Hazard Mitigation Services)Standards bodyPrimaryJurisdiction USLast checked August 31, 2026Updates: Living program page; PPC grades for individual fire protection areas are re-evaluated over time.ID verisk-ppc-program

    What this source supports (6)

    • Class 1 generally represents superior property fire protection, and Class 10 indicates that the area's fire suppression program does not meet Verisk's minimum criteria.
    • The classification evaluates emergency communications systems, including facilities for the public to report fires, staffing, training, certification of telecommunicators, and facilities for dispatching fire departments.
    • It evaluates the fire department, including equipment, staffing, training, and geographic deployment of fire companies.
    • It evaluates the water supply system, including the inspection and flow testing of hydrants and an evaluation of the amount of available water compared with the amount needed to suppress fires.
    • It evaluates community efforts to reduce the risk of fire, including fire prevention codes and enforcement, public fire safety education, and fire investigation programs.
    • Most U.S. insurers of home and business properties use PPC in calculating premiums, and in general the price of insurance in a community with a good PPC is lower than in a community with a poor PPC, assuming all other factors are equal.

    Fetched today and all six claims confirmed verbatim on the page, including the sub-details of the four evaluation areas. The page does not state numeric point weightings, so none are used. The page also does not connect PPC to any particular application form field, so this page never equates it with the ACORD 140 PROT CL field.

    Active
14. [14]

    Building construction categories (ISO), insurance glossary definition(opens the original record on International Risk Management Institute (IRMI))

    International Risk Management Institute (IRMI)SecondarySecondaryJurisdiction USLast checked August 31, 2026Updates: Glossary entry; updated by the publisher as terminology changes.ID irmi-iso-building-construction-categories

    What this source supports (2)

    • IRMI's glossary states that these categories were established by Insurance Services Office, Inc. (ISO) in its Commercial Lines Manual for purposes of developing rates for insuring commercial property based on susceptibility to damage by fire.
    • IRMI lists six categories from least to most fire resistive with their construction codes: frame (1), joisted masonry (2), noncombustible (3), masonry noncombustible (4), modified fire resistive (5), and fire resistive (6).

    Fetched today and both claims confirmed. This is a secondary glossary entry describing an ISO scheme. The ISO Commercial Lines Manual is a licensed publication and was not fetched, so the prose attributes the six categories to IRMI's description rather than stating them as read from the manual itself.

    Active
15. [15]

    Cal. Code Regs. tit. 19, section 901, Scope (automatic fire extinguishing systems; NFPA 25 incorporation and amendments)(opens the original record on Cornell Legal Information Institute (reproduction of the California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Office of the State Fire Marshal))

    Cornell Legal Information Institute (reproduction of the California Code of Regulations, Title 19, Office of the State Fire Marshal)SecondarySecondaryJurisdiction CAThird-party reproductionLast checked August 31, 2026Updates: Regulation; the incorporated NFPA 25 edition changes only when California adopts a newer edition, so confirm the currently adopted edition before relying on it.ID ca-ccr-title-19-901

    What this source supports (5)

    • Section 901 is titled Scope and states that these regulations apply to all automatic fire extinguishing systems identified in Health and Safety Code Section 13195.
    • Section 901 incorporates NFPA 25, Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems (2011 edition), including Annexes A, B, C, D, F and G, as amended by the Office of the State Fire Marshal.
    • Within section 901, NFPA 25 section 4.3.1 is amended to read that records shall be made for all inspections, tests, and maintenance of the system and its components and shall be maintained by the property owner or designated representative at a site or location agreed upon by the AHJ.
    • Within section 901, NFPA 25 section 4.3.5 is amended to read that subsequent records shall be retained for a period of 5 years after the next inspection, test, or maintenance of that type required by the standard.
    • Section 901 identifies who may perform inspection, testing, and maintenance, including a California Contractors State License Board licensed Fire Protection Contractor (C-16), a California State Fire Marshal licensed Type 1 concern, and a California State Fire Marshal licensed Type L concern, and it allows certain inspections by an employee designated by the building owner or occupant who has developed competence through training and experience.

    Fetched today and each claim confirmed on the page, including that the recordkeeping and five-year retention language appears as an Office of the State Fire Marshal amendment to NFPA 25 sections 4.3.1 and 4.3.5 set out within section 901, not as freestanding text of section 901. authorityLevel is secondary and primary is false because what was fetched is a reproduction rather than a page served by the California Office of Administrative Law or the Office of the State Fire Marshal. The adopted NFPA 25 edition is the single most fragile fact here. NFPA's own pages could not be fetched (nfpa.org served only JavaScript-rendered titles), so no NFPA-published statistic is cited anywhere in this entry.

    ActiveReproduction
16. [16]

    Coverage Insights: What Are Loss Runs?(opens the original record on Hylant Group, Inc. (insurance brokerage))

    Hylant Group, Inc. (insurance brokerage)SecondarySecondaryJurisdiction USLast checked August 31, 2026Updates: Blog post; not revised on a published schedule.ID hylant-loss-runs

    What this source supports (1)

    • Hylant, an insurance brokerage, writes that underwriters will often require organizations to submit loss runs for the past three to five years.

    Fetched today and the three to five years sentence confirmed verbatim. This is a broker's description of common market practice, not a legal or filed requirement, and the prose says so in those words. It is one of only two sources in this bundle that speak to what underwriters commonly request, and both are secondary voices, which is why the entry's confidence is contextual rather than established. Published: 2023-07-12

    Active
17. [17]

    Commercial Insurance Submission Checklist(opens the original record on Hedge Specialty (Taven Insurance Services LLC dba Hedge Specialty), a wholesale insurance brokerage)

    Hedge Specialty (Taven Insurance Services LLC dba Hedge Specialty), a wholesale insurance brokerageSecondarySecondaryJurisdiction USLast checked August 31, 2026Updates: Marketing and education page on the firm's own site; no published revision schedule.ID hedge-specialty-submission-checklist

    What this source supports (5)

    • The page describes Hedge Specialty as a wholesale insurance brokerage helping licensed retail professionals prepare and place difficult commercial risks.
    • Its checklist tells the preparer to complete the primary commercial application and the line-specific sections accepted by the intended market.
    • Its checklist tells the preparer to provide currently valued loss runs for the relevant entities, lines, and policy periods when available.
    • Under line-specific supporting records, it lists for Property: statement of values, construction and system updates, protection details, business income support, and useful current photos.
    • The page states of itself: Preparation is not release authority. This is a preparation checklist, not a universal market requirement.

    Fetched today and the quoted checklist lines confirmed on the page. The page carries a date of 2026-08-25, recorded here as publishedDate although the page does not label it as first publication rather than last update. This is a wholesale broker's preparation checklist, which is exactly the kind of document that describes common market practice, and the page itself disclaims being a universal market requirement. That self-limit is quoted in the claims above and is carried into the prose, so this source is never used to state a rule about what any carrier must be given. It does not state how many years of loss runs a submission should carry; that number comes only from hylant-loss-runs. Published: 2026-08-25

    Active
18. [18]

    NAIC Model MO-701, Nationwide Inland Marine Definition (NAIC Model Laws, Regulations, Guidelines and Other Resources)(opens the original record on National Association of Insurance Commissioners)

    National Association of Insurance CommissionersStandards bodyPrimaryJurisdiction USLast checked August 31, 2026Updates: Amended rarely. The model's own Chronological Summary of Actions shows substantive actions only in the 1933, 1953 and 1977 NAIC Proceedings. The July 1996 date in the page header is the NAIC compilation and copyright date, not a substantive revision date.ID naic-model-701-nationwide-inland-marine-definition

    What this source supports (17)

    • The instrument is titled NATIONWIDE INLAND MARINE DEFINITION and is designated MO-701 in the NAIC Model Laws, Regulations, Guidelines and Other Resources compilation, with a July 1996 header and a 1996 NAIC copyright line.
    • The table of contents lists Section 1 Purpose, Section 2 Applicability, and Section 3 Exceptions.
    • Section 1 states that the purpose of the instrument is to describe the kinds of risks and coverages which may be classified or identified under state insurance laws as marine, inland marine or transportation insurance, but that it does not include all of the kinds of risks and coverages which may be written, classified or identified under those insuring powers.
    • Section 1 states that the instrument shall not be construed to mean that the kinds of risks and coverages are solely marine, inland marine or transportation insurance in all instances.
    • Section 1 states that the instrument shall not be construed to restrict or limit in any way the exercise of any insuring powers granted under charters and license.
    • Section 2 opens with the words that marine or transportation policies may cover under the following conditions, and organizes the conditions into six lettered groups: A. Imports, B. Exports, C. Domestic Shipments, D. Bridges, Tunnels and Other Instrumentalities of Transportation and Communication, E. Personal Property Floater Risk covering individuals and/or generally, and F. Commercial Property Floater Risks covering property pertaining to a business, profession or occupation.
    • Group D excludes buildings, their improvements and betterments, furniture and furnishings, fixed contents and supplies held in storage, and then lists six items: bridges, tunnels and other similar instrumentalities including auxiliary facilities and equipment; piers, wharves, docks, slips, dry docks and marine railways; pipelines, excluding property at manufacturing, producing, refining, converting, treating or conditioning plants; power transmission and telephone and telegraph lines, excluding property at generating, converting or transforming stations, substations and exchanges; radio and television communication equipment in use as such including towers and antennae; and outdoor cranes, loading bridges and similar equipment used to load, unload and transport.
    • Group E lists thirteen personal property floater items, including Personal Effects Floater Policies, the Personal Property Floater, Government Service Floaters, Personal Fur Floaters, Personal Jewelry Floaters, Wedding Present Floaters for not exceeding ninety days after the date of the wedding, Silverware Floaters, Fine Arts Floaters at E.8, Stamp and Coin Floaters, Musical Instrument Floaters, Mobile Articles Machinery and Equipment Floaters at E.11, Installment Sales and Leased Property Policies, and Live Animal Floaters.
    • Section 2.F.9 permits Builders Risks or Installation Risks covering the interest of owner, seller or contractor against loss or damage to machinery, equipment, building materials or supplies being used with and during the course of installation, testing, building, renovating or repairing, and permits the policies to cover at points or places where work is being performed, while in transit, and during temporary storage or deposit of property designated for and awaiting specific installation, building, renovating or repairing.
    • Section 2.F.9 further states that coverage shall be limited to Builders Risks or Installation Risks where perils in addition to Fire and Extended Coverage are to be insured.
    • Section 2.F.9 provides that if written for account of owner the coverage shall cease upon completion and acceptance, and that if written for account of a seller or contractor the coverage shall terminate when the interest of the seller or contractor ceases.
    • Section 2.F.10 permits Mobile Articles, Machinery and Equipment Floaters covering identified property of a mobile or floating nature, not on sale or consignment, or in course of manufacture, which has come into the custody or control of parties who intend to use the property for that for which it was manufactured or created. The item excludes motor vehicles designed for highway use, auto homes, trailers and semi-trailers except when hauled by tractors not designed for highway use, and snow plows constructed exclusively for highway use, and states that the policies shall not cover furniture and fixtures not customarily used away from premises where the property is usually kept.
    • Section 2.F.11 permits coverage of property in transit to or from and in the custody of bailees not owned, controlled or operated by the bailor, and states that the policies shall not cover the bailee's property at his or her premises.
    • Section 2.F.15 permits Accounts Receivable Policies and Valuable Papers and Records Policies. Section 2.F.18 permits Fine Arts Policies covering paintings, etchings, pictures, tapestries, art glass windows and other bona fide works of art of rarity, historical value or artistic merit, for account of museums, galleries, universities, businesses, municipalities and other similar interests. Section 2.F.21 permits Domestic Bulk Liquids Policies, Section 2.F.22 permits Difference in Conditions Coverage excluding fire and extended coverage perils, and Section 2.F.23 permits Electronic Data Processing policies.
    • Section 3 (Exceptions) provides that unless otherwise permitted, nothing in the foregoing shall be construed to permit marine or transportation policies to cover four things: A. storage of the assured's merchandise, except as hereinbefore provided; B. merchandise in course of manufacture, the property of and on the premises of the manufacturer; C. furniture and fixtures and improvements and betterments to buildings; and D. monies or securities in safes, vaults, safety deposit vaults, bank or assured's premises, except while in the course of transportation.
    • The document's Chronological Summary of Actions lists three entries: 1933 Proceedings pages 121-127 (adopted); 1953 Proceedings II pages 555-560 and 561-572 (amended and reprinted); and 1977 Proceedings I pages 26, 28, 666 and 667-671 (amended and reprinted).
    • The words contractors equipment, motor truck cargo, trip transit and job site do not appear anywhere in the document. The only occurrences of the word contractors and the word cranes are in Garment Contractors Floaters at Section 2.F.13 and outdoor cranes at Section 2.D.6.

    Re-fetched and re-verified 2026-08-31. The URL returns a live 161 KB PDF. WebFetch could not read the compressed streams, so the file was downloaded and its FlateDecode streams inflated locally, and the extracted text read directly. Every claim above was matched against that extracted text. Two claims that appeared in an earlier draft of this bundle were removed because the document does not contain them: that Section 2.F.10 is the classification bucket contractors equipment falls into (an industry inference, not text in the model), and a rendering of group E as Personal Property Floater Risks rather than the actual heading Personal Property Floater Risk covering individuals and/or generally. The Section 2.F.9 limitation sentence and the Section 2.F.10 exclusions were added because omitting them overstated the breadth of those classes. Published: 1996-07-01

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19. [19]

    Nationwide Marine Definition(opens the original record on Inland Marine Underwriters Association (IMUA))

    Inland Marine Underwriters Association (IMUA)Standards bodyPrimaryJurisdiction USLast checked August 31, 2026Updates: Maintained by IMUA's standing committee on the Definition. No publication or revision date is shown on the page, so the State Digest may lag a state's current law.ID imua-nationwide-marine-definition

    What this source supports (8)

    • The page states that the first attempt to set forth a Countrywide Marine Definition was made in 1933, when the then National Convention of Insurance Commissioners adopted a resolution.
    • The page states that since that time the Definition has been revised on two different occasions, the first revision coming in December 1953 and the most recent revision being made in December 1976.
    • The page states that the majority of states have adopted the 1976 Nationwide Marine Definition, although there are some states wherein the 1953 Definition remains applicable and a few which have not adopted either version.
    • The page states that the Definition's purpose is to categorize Marine or Inland Marine insurance and does not in any way purport to conclude what classifications are recognized as filed classifications.
    • The page states that the Inland Marine Underwriters Association established a standing committee within the Association whose function and responsibility is to monitor, on an industry wide basis, all matters that affect or are otherwise related to the Definition.
    • The page carries a State Digest of Applicable Nationwide Marine Definition listing each jurisdiction, the applicable Definition year, and a statutory citation. The California entry reads California, 1953, Ins. Code section 103. The New York entry reads New York, 1953, Ins. Law section 46 (20).
    • The State Digest shows that adoptions carry state-specific modifications, with entries and notes covering jurisdictions including Florida, Mississippi, Missouri, Pennsylvania and Puerto Rico.
    • The page shows no publication date and no last-updated date.

    Re-fetched twice on 2026-08-31, once for the narrative sentences and once specifically for the State Digest entries. All claims above came back in the page text. Important limitation carried into the prose: the State Digest lists New York under the 1953 Definition, while the New York Department of Financial Services circular letter in this bundle describes New York as having adopted the 1976 NAIC definition with exceptions. This bundle does not resolve that conflict and does not use the State Digest as the last word on any state's current law.

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20. [20]

    Cal. Code Regs. tit. 10, section 2320 - Effective Date; Construction of Provisions (Marine Insurance article)(opens the original record on Cornell Legal Information Institute, reproducing the California Code of Regulations)

    Cornell Legal Information Institute, reproducing the California Code of RegulationsPrimary lawPrimaryJurisdiction CAThird-party reproductionLast checked August 31, 2026Updates: The article carries a 1954 effective date. This reproduction shows no amendment history, so check the official California Code of Regulations before relying on currency.ID ca-ccr-tit-10-2320

    What this source supports (3)

    • The section is headed Effective Date; Construction of Provisions and states that the article is effective January 1, 1954 and supersedes former sections 2320, 2321 and 2322.
    • The section states that where provisions substantially match the superseded sections they shall be construed as restatements and continuations of those provisions and not as new provisions.
    • The page places the article at title 10 (Investment), chapter 5 (Insurance Commissioner), subchapter 3 (Insurers), article 5 (Marine Insurance).

    Re-fetched 2026-08-31; page live and the heading and effective-date sentence returned. This is a Cornell LII reproduction, not the official California publisher, and it displays no amendment history. It therefore establishes the 1954 effective date and the supersession language and nothing about whether the text has been amended since. The official California Code of Regulations host is not reachable from this environment. Effective: 1954-01-01

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21. [21]

    Cal. Code Regs. tit. 10, section 2320.1 - Purpose (Marine Insurance article)(opens the original record on Cornell Legal Information Institute, reproducing the California Code of Regulations)

    Cornell Legal Information Institute, reproducing the California Code of RegulationsPrimary lawPrimaryJurisdiction CAThird-party reproductionLast checked August 31, 2026Updates: Part of the 1954 Marine Insurance article. Check the official California Code of Regulations for later amendment.ID ca-ccr-tit-10-2320-1

    What this source supports (3)

    • The section is headed Purpose and states that the article is adopted and promulgated by the Insurance Commissioner as a necessary means for the guidance of insurers and all others concerned in observing the provisions of law relating to insuring powers of admitted marine insurers, the California Standard Form Fire Insurance policy, rates and rating and other organizations, and taxation of insurers.
    • The section states that the article exists to assist in determining whether certain business should be reported on insurers' annual statements as ocean marine insurance or otherwise.
    • The section states that the article exists for the assistance and guidance of all persons concerned in all other cases where it is necessary to distinguish between marine and other classes of insurance and between inland marine risks and other risks.

    Re-fetched 2026-08-31 and the full purpose text returned as one continuous sentence covering all three claims above. Note the URL uses a period, 10-CCR-2320.1; the hyphenated form returns a directory listing. A fourth claim in an earlier draft, that the regulatory purpose is therefore classification and not a definition of what a policy covers, was removed from this source's claims list because it is this library's characterization rather than text on the page; the point is now made in prose without attributing it to the section.

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22. [22]

    Cal. Code Regs. tit. 10, section 2321 - Marine and/or Transportation Policies May Cover Under the Following Conditions(opens the original record on Cornell Legal Information Institute, reproducing the California Code of Regulations)

    Cornell Legal Information Institute, reproducing the California Code of RegulationsPrimary lawPrimaryJurisdiction CAThird-party reproductionLast checked August 31, 2026Updates: Part of the 1954 Marine Insurance article. Check the official California Code of Regulations for later amendment.ID ca-ccr-tit-10-2321

    What this source supports (6)

    • The section has five top-level subdivisions and no subdivision (f): (a) Imports, (b) Exports, (c) Domestic Shipments, (d) Bridges, tunnels and other instrumentalities of transportation and communication, and (e) Personal Property Floater Risks.
    • The commercial floater type items sit inside subdivision (e)(2) rather than in a separate commercial group. Fine Arts Floaters and Stamp and Coin Floaters appear at (e)(2)(A), Installation risks at (e)(2)(L), Mobile Articles, Machinery and Equipment Floaters at (e)(2)(M), property in transit to or from and in the custody of bailees at (e)(2)(N), and Accounts Receivable Policies and Valuable Papers and Records Policies at (e)(2)(R).
    • The installation risk item provides that coverage terminates when the interest of the insured seller or installer ceases, or in no case later than when the property has been accepted as satisfactory, whichever first occurs.
    • The Mobile Articles, Machinery and Equipment Floaters item excludes motor vehicles designed for highway use.
    • The bailee item names bailee examples including bleacheries, throwsters, fumigatories, dyers, cleaners, laundries and similar bailees, and needleworkers.
    • The fine arts item describes objects of art such as pictures, statuary, bronzes and antiques, and rare manuscripts and books.

    Re-fetched 2026-08-31 with a prompt asking specifically for the top-level subdivision letters. The page returned five top-level subdivisions, (a) through (e), with no (f), and confirmed that the installation risk, mobile articles, bailee, fine arts and accounts receivable items all sit under (e)(2). An earlier draft of this bundle claimed six top-level categories ending in commercial property floater risks; that claim was wrong and has been corrected. A second earlier claim, describing the prohibited coverage list, was removed from this source because that list is in section 2322, which now has its own source entry. Effective: 1954-01-01

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23. [23]

    Cal. Code Regs. tit. 10, section 2322 - Prohibited Coverage (Marine Insurance article)(opens the original record on Cornell Legal Information Institute, reproducing the California Code of Regulations)

    Cornell Legal Information Institute, reproducing the California Code of RegulationsPrimary lawPrimaryJurisdiction CAThird-party reproductionLast checked August 31, 2026Updates: Part of the 1954 Marine Insurance article. Check the official California Code of Regulations for later amendment.ID ca-ccr-tit-10-2322

    What this source supports (8)

    • The section is headed Prohibited Coverage and has six lettered items, (a) through (f).
    • Item (a) is storage of the assured's merchandise, except as hereinbefore provided.
    • Item (b) is merchandise in course of manufacture, the property of and on the premises of the manufacturer.
    • Item (c) is furniture and fixtures and improvements and betterments to buildings.
    • Item (d) concerns merchandise in permanent location sold under partial payment, contract of sale, or installment sales contract, and purchaser protection after the seller's interest ends.
    • Item (e) is moneys and/or securities in safes, vaults, safety deposit vaults, banks or the assured's premises, except while in course of transportation.
    • Item (f) concerns risks of fire, windstorm, sprinkler leakage, earthquake, hail, explosion, riot and/or civil commotion on buildings, structures, wharves and fixed real property.
    • Two of these six items, (d) and (f), have no counterpart in the four exceptions listed in Section 3 of NAIC Model MO-701.

    New source entry added 2026-08-31. Fetched and the heading Prohibited Coverage and all six lettered items returned. This content was previously and incorrectly folded into the section 2321 source. Same reproduction caveat as the other Cornell LII entries: this is not the official California publisher and shows no amendment history. The final claim is a comparison between two documents both fetched for this bundle, not a statement made by either one. Effective: 1954-01-01

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24. [24]

    Insurance Circular Letter No. 22 (2000): Marine and Inland Marine Insurance(opens the original record on New York State Department of Financial Services)

    New York State Department of Financial ServicesRegulatorPrimaryJurisdiction NYLast checked August 31, 2026Updates: Standing circular letter guidance issued in 2000. New York issues superseding circular letters as needed, so confirm current status before relying on it for any New York filing question.ID ny-dfs-circular-letter-22-2000

    What this source supports (6)

    • The circular letter is numbered 22, is dated August 11, 2000, is titled Marine and Inland Marine Insurance, and is addressed to insurers licensed to write marine insurance in New York.
    • It states that New York Insurance Law section 2310(b) exempts inland marine risks from the law's filing requirements if, by general custom of the business, the specific risks in question are not written according to manual rates and rating plans, unless the Superintendent directs that they be filed.
    • It states that rates, loss costs and forms promulgated by the principal rate organization, Insurance Services Office, for the various inland marine classes constitute the general custom of the business.
    • It states that the Superintendent may direct that filings be submitted for review even where the custom of the business is that no filings be made for a particular inland marine class.
    • It states that New York adopted the 1976 NAIC nationwide marine definition with exceptions in four areas: Builders Risk and/or Installation Risks, Domestic Bulk Liquids, Difference in Conditions, and Electronic Data Processing, and gives substantive conditions for each exception rather than simply naming the classes.
    • It advises insurers that are uncertain about a classification to submit the matter for departmental review rather than assume inland marine treatment.

    Re-fetched 2026-08-31; live official DFS page and all claims above returned. This is New York guidance and is cited in the answer only as a named-state illustration of how a filing exemption can work, never as a nationwide rule. Note the conflict with the IMUA State Digest, which lists New York under the 1953 Definition; this bundle reports both and resolves neither. Published: 2000-08-11 Effective: 2000-08-11

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25. [25]

    Commercial property forms package containing Building And Personal Property Coverage Form CP 00 10 10 12 and Causes Of Loss - Special Form CP 10 30 09 17 (Insurance Services Office, Inc. forms)(opens the original record on Conifer Insurance Company, hosting Insurance Services Office, Inc. forms)

    Conifer Insurance Company, hosting Insurance Services Office, Inc. formsCarrier officialPrimaryJurisdiction USLast checked August 31, 2026Updates: ISO revises commercial property forms periodically. This package carries the 10 12 edition of CP 00 10 and the 09 17 edition of CP 10 30. Later editions, state exceptions and endorsements can change every figure and condition described here.ID iso-cp-00-10-and-cp-10-30-forms-package

    What this source supports (12)

    • The package contains Building And Personal Property Coverage Form CP 00 10 10 12 with a 2011 Insurance Services Office copyright line, and Causes Of Loss - Special Form CP 10 30 09 17 with a 2016 Insurance Services Office copyright line.
    • On CP 00 10 10 12, Your Business Personal Property is covered while located in or on the building described in the Declarations, or in the open or in a vehicle within 100 feet of the building or structure or within 100 feet of the premises described in the Declarations, whichever distance is greater.
    • On CP 00 10 10 12, the Property Not Covered list includes personal property while airborne or waterborne.
    • On CP 00 10 10 12, the Property Not Covered list includes vehicles or self-propelled machines, including aircraft or watercraft, that are licensed for use on public roads or are operated principally away from the described premises. That item states four exceptions: vehicles or self-propelled machines or autos the insured manufactures, processes or warehouses; vehicles or self-propelled machines other than autos held for sale; rowboats or canoes out of water at the described premises; and trailers, but only to the extent provided for in the Coverage Extension for Non-owned Detached Trailers.
    • On CP 00 10 10 12, the Property Not Covered list also includes contraband or property in the course of illegal transportation or trade, and the cost to replace or restore information on valuable papers and records other than those which exist as electronic data.
    • On CP 00 10 10 12, the Coverage Extensions section opens by stating that except as otherwise provided the Extensions apply to property located in or on the described building or in the open or in a vehicle within 100 feet of the described premises, and that the insured may extend the insurance only if a Coinsurance percentage of 80% or more, or a Value Reporting period symbol, is shown in the Declarations.
    • The Property Off-Premises Coverage Extension on CP 00 10 10 12 applies to Covered Property while away from the described premises in three situations: temporarily at a location the insured does not own, lease or operate; in storage at a leased location where the lease was executed after the beginning of the current policy term; or at any fair, trade show or exhibition.
    • The Property Off-Premises Extension on CP 00 10 10 12 states that it does not apply to property in or on a vehicle, or to property in the care, custody or control of the insured's salespersons unless that property is in such care at a fair, trade show or exhibition.
    • The Property Off-Premises Extension on CP 00 10 10 12 states that the most payable for loss or damage under the Extension is 10,000 dollars.
    • CP 10 30 09 17 contains an Additional Coverage Extension for Property In Transit that applies to the insured's personal property, other than property in the care, custody or control of the insured's salespersons, in transit more than 100 feet from the described premises, and requires the property to be in or on a motor vehicle the insured owns, leases or operates while between points in the coverage territory.
    • The Property In Transit Extension on CP 10 30 09 17 responds only to a listed set of causes of loss: fire, lightning, explosion, windstorm or hail, riot or civil commotion, or vandalism; vehicle collision, upset or overturn; and theft of an entire bale, case or package by forced entry into a securely locked body or compartment of the vehicle, with visible marks of the forced entry required.
    • The Property In Transit Extension on CP 10 30 09 17 states that the most payable for loss or damage under the Extension is 5,000 dollars.

    Re-fetched and re-verified 2026-08-31. The URL returns a live 1.5 MB PDF. WebFetch could not read the compressed streams, so the file was downloaded and its FlateDecode streams inflated locally, and each claim above was matched against the extracted text. Three corrections from the earlier draft: the Coverage Extensions gating condition (coinsurance of 80% or more, or a Value Reporting period symbol) was missing and has been added; the fourth exception to the vehicles item (trailers under the Non-owned Detached Trailers extension) was missing and has been added; and a thirteenth claim generalizing from these two forms to standard commercial property programs generally was removed because it was editorial synthesis, not text in the document. Scope caveat that must stay visible wherever this source is used: this is one carrier's Michigan hospitality program package. It evidences these two specific ISO form editions and nothing about any other form, edition, state exception or endorsement. Licensing caveat: this is a third-party host's copy of copyrighted ISO forms. The prose in this bundle describes the forms' terms and limits rather than reproducing their wording at length, and a licensing review is recommended before publication. Published: 2024-07-01

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26. [26]

    42 U.S.C. 4012a - Flood insurance purchase and compliance requirements and escrow accounts(opens the original record on Office of the Law Revision Counsel, U.S. House of Representatives)

    Office of the Law Revision Counsel, U.S. House of RepresentativesPrimary lawPrimaryJurisdiction USLast checked August 31, 2026Updates: Changes only by act of Congress; check for amendments at each NFIP reauthorization.ID usc-42-4012a

    What this source supports (6)

    • A regulated lending institution may not make, increase, extend, or renew any loan secured by improved real estate or a mobile home located or to be located in an area identified by the FEMA Administrator as having special flood hazards unless the building or mobile home is covered by flood insurance for the term of the loan.
    • The required flood insurance amount is at least equal to the outstanding principal balance of the loan or the maximum limit of coverage made available under the Act for the particular type of property, whichever is less.
    • Regulated lending institutions must accept private flood insurance as satisfaction of the flood insurance coverage requirement if it meets the standards the statute specifies for breadth of coverage, cancellation notice, and claims procedures.
    • If a borrower fails to obtain required flood coverage after 45 days written notice, the lender or servicer for the loan shall purchase the insurance on the borrower's behalf and may charge the borrower the cost.
    • Within 30 days of receiving confirmation of the borrower's own flood coverage, the lender or servicer must terminate the insurance it purchased and refund premiums and fees paid for any period of overlapping coverage.
    • Premiums and fees for flood insurance on residential improved real estate must generally be paid to the regulated lending institution or servicer with the same frequency as loan payments and deposited in an escrow account on behalf of the borrower, subject to exceptions including institutions with total assets under 1,000,000,000 dollars that were not already required to escrow as of July 6, 2012, junior or subordinate liens, condominium or cooperative units covered by a group flood policy, business-purpose collateral, home equity lines of credit, nonperforming loans, and loans with terms of 12 months or less.

    Fetched the prelim edition on uscode.house.gov on 2026-08-31 and read subsections (b), (d), and (e). Confirmed the lesser-of amount test, the private flood acceptance mandate, the 45-day notice, the duty of the lender or servicer to purchase, the 30-day termination and refund, and the escrow requirement with its exceptions.

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27. [27]

    12 CFR 22.3 - Requirement to purchase flood insurance where available(opens the original record on Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (republishing the Code of Federal Regulations))

    Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (republishing the Code of Federal Regulations)Primary lawPrimaryJurisdiction USThird-party reproductionLast checked August 31, 2026Updates: Amended by the federal banking agencies through joint rulemaking.ID cfr-12-22-3

    What this source supports (4)

    • A national bank or Federal savings association shall not make, increase, extend, or renew any designated loan unless the building or mobile home and any personal property securing the loan is covered by flood insurance for the term of the loan.
    • The amount of insurance must be at least equal to the lesser of the outstanding principal balance of the designated loan or the maximum limit of coverage available for the particular type of property under the Act.
    • A national bank or Federal savings association that acquires a loan from a mortgage broker or other entity through table funding shall be considered to be making a loan for purposes of this part.
    • By its own terms this part binds national banks and Federal savings associations.

    Fetched Cornell LII's text on 2026-08-31 and read paragraphs (a) and (b). ecfr.gov returned a redirect that could not be read, so LII is used as the text source. The content is primary law; the publisher is a law-school republisher of the official text, not the issuing agency. This is the OCC rule. Other federal banking agencies maintain their own parallel rules, which were not fetched and are not described here.

    ActiveReproduction
28. [28]

    Regulation X, 12 CFR 1024.37 - Force-placed insurance(opens the original record on Consumer Financial Protection Bureau)

    Consumer Financial Protection BureauRegulatorPrimaryJurisdiction USLast checked August 31, 2026Updates: Amended by CFPB rulemaking; check the CFPB regulations page and official interpretations.ID cfpb-1024-37

    What this source supports (12)

    • Force-placed insurance means hazard insurance obtained by a servicer on behalf of the owner or assignee of a mortgage loan that insures the property securing such loan.
    • The definition excludes hazard insurance required by the Flood Disaster Protection Act of 1973, hazard insurance obtained by a borrower but renewed by the servicer as described in 12 CFR 1024.17(k)(1), (2), or (5), and hazard insurance obtained by a borrower but renewed by the servicer at its discretion if the borrower agrees.
    • A servicer may not assess a premium charge or fee related to force-placed insurance unless it has a reasonable basis to believe that the borrower has failed to comply with the mortgage loan contract's requirement to maintain hazard insurance.
    • A servicer must deliver or place in the mail a written notice at least 45 days before assessing a force-placed insurance charge.
    • The reminder notice must be delivered or mailed at least 30 days after the initial written notice and at least 15 days before the force-placed insurance charge is assessed.
    • Except for charges subject to State regulation as the business of insurance and charges authorized by the Flood Disaster Protection Act of 1973, all charges related to force-placed insurance assessed to a borrower by or through the servicer must be bona fide and reasonable.
    • Before assessing a charge or fee for renewing or replacing existing force-placed insurance, a servicer must deliver or mail a written notice at least 45 days before assessing that charge or fee.
    • Regulation X defines force-placed insurance as hazard insurance obtained by a servicer on behalf of the owner or assignee of a mortgage loan that insures the property securing the loan.
    • A servicer may not assess a force-placed insurance premium charge or fee on a borrower unless it has a reasonable basis to believe the borrower has failed to comply with the mortgage loan contract's requirement to maintain hazard insurance.
    • A servicer must deliver to the borrower or place in the mail a written notice at least 45 days before assessing a force-placed insurance charge or fee.
    • A servicer must deliver a reminder notice at least 15 days before assessing the charge or fee, and may not deliver it until at least 30 days after delivering or mailing the first written notice.
    • Within 15 days of receiving evidence that the borrower has had in place the required hazard insurance coverage, the servicer must cancel the force-placed insurance it purchased and refund all force-placed insurance premium charges and related fees paid by the borrower for any period of overlapping coverage.

    Fetched on 2026-08-31 and confirmed the definition and its three exclusions, the reasonable-basis condition, the 45-day initial notice, both legs of the reminder-notice timing, the 45-day renewal or replacement notice, and the limitation on charges. The definitional exclusion is phrased on the page as hazard insurance required by the Flood Disaster Protection Act of 1973. The limitation on charges carries its own two carve-outs, for charges subject to State regulation as the business of insurance and for charges authorized by the Flood Disaster Protection Act of 1973; a prior draft stated the bona fide and reasonable rule without them.

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29. [29]

    12 CFR 1024.37 - Force-placed insurance (full regulatory text)(opens the original record on Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (republishing the Code of Federal Regulations))

    Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School (republishing the Code of Federal Regulations)Primary lawPrimaryJurisdiction USThird-party reproductionLast checked August 31, 2026Updates: Tracks CFPB amendments to Regulation X.ID cfr-1024-37-lii

    What this source supports (6)

    • Within 15 days of receiving evidence that a borrower has hazard insurance coverage that complies with the loan contract's requirements, a servicer must cancel the force-placed insurance it purchased.
    • The servicer must refund to the borrower all force-placed insurance premium charges and related fees paid for any period of overlapping insurance coverage.
    • The servicer must also remove from the borrower's account all force-placed insurance charges and related fees for any period of overlapping coverage.
    • A bona fide and reasonable charge is a charge for a service actually performed that bears a reasonable relationship to the servicer's cost of providing the service and is not otherwise prohibited by applicable law.
    • The bona fide and reasonable requirement does not reach charges subject to State regulation as the business of insurance or charges authorized by the Flood Disaster Protection Act of 1973.
    • The section's definition of force-placed insurance excludes hazard insurance required by the Flood Disaster Protection Act of 1973, servicer renewal of borrower-obtained hazard insurance as described in 12 CFR 1024.17(k)(1), (2), or (5), and servicer renewal of borrower-obtained hazard insurance at the servicer's discretion if the borrower agrees.

    Fetched on 2026-08-31 to confirm the 15-day cancellation, the refund and account-removal duty, and the bona fide and reasonable definition with its two carve-outs, which the CFPB rendering did not surface as cleanly. The content is primary law; the publisher is a law-school republisher of the official text, not the issuing agency.

    ActiveReproduction
30. [30]

    Regulation X, 12 CFR 1024.17(k)(5) - Timely payment of hazard insurance premium charges and prohibition of force placement(opens the original record on Consumer Financial Protection Bureau)

    Consumer Financial Protection BureauRegulatorPrimaryJurisdiction USLast checked August 31, 2026Updates: Amended by CFPB rulemaking; check the CFPB regulations page and official interpretations.ID cfpb-1024-17-k5

    What this source supports (4)

    • Where a borrower's hazard insurance premium charges are paid from an escrow account, a servicer may not purchase force-placed insurance unless the servicer is unable to disburse funds from that escrow account to ensure that the borrower's hazard insurance premium charges are paid in a timely manner.
    • A servicer shall not be considered unable to disburse funds from the borrower's escrow account because the escrow account contains insufficient funds for paying hazard insurance premium charges.
    • A servicer is unable to disburse funds only where it has a reasonable basis to believe that the borrower's hazard insurance has been canceled or was not renewed for reasons other than nonpayment of premium charges, or where the borrower's property is vacant.
    • A small servicer as defined in 12 CFR 1026.41(e)(4) may purchase force-placed insurance where the cost to the borrower of that insurance is less than the amount the small servicer would need to disburse from the escrow account to ensure that the borrower's hazard insurance premium charges were paid in a timely manner, subject to the requirements of 12 CFR 1024.37.

    Fetched on 2026-08-31 and read paragraph (k)(5). Added during this pass because the entry described the force-placed notice sequence without the escrow branch that limits force placement in the first place. This paragraph sits in 12 CFR 1024.17, not 1024.37, and 1024.37(a) cross-references it.

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31. [31]

    What is homeowner's insurance? Why is homeowner's insurance required?(opens the original record on Consumer Financial Protection Bureau)

    Consumer Financial Protection BureauRegulatorPrimaryJurisdiction USLast checked August 31, 2026Updates: CFPB reviews Ask CFPB entries periodically; a last reviewed date is shown on the page.ID cfpb-ask-162

    What this source supports (4)

    • Your lender wants to make sure your property is protected by insurance.
    • A borrower can shop separately for homeowner's insurance and choose the provider and plan that is right for them.
    • If a lender buys insurance on the home because the borrower did not maintain coverage, that insurance may only cover the lender, and not you, and it also may be more expensive than what you could buy on your own.
    • Where insurance is escrowed, the borrower makes payments to the lender and the lender holds the insurance portion of the payment in an escrow account.

    Fetched on 2026-08-31. The page shows a last reviewed date of August 8, 2024, recorded here as effectiveDate. Effective: 2024-08-08

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32. [32]

    What can I do if my mortgage lender or servicer is charging me for force-placed homeowner's insurance?(opens the original record on Consumer Financial Protection Bureau)

    Consumer Financial Protection BureauRegulatorPrimaryJurisdiction USLast checked August 31, 2026Updates: CFPB reviews Ask CFPB entries periodically.ID cfpb-ask-219

    What this source supports (4)

    • In many instances, this insurance protects only the lender, not you.
    • Force-placed insurance is usually more expensive than finding an insurance policy yourself.
    • A servicer may require force-placed coverage when the borrower does not have their own insurance policy or when the borrower's own policy does not meet the requirements of the mortgage contract.
    • A borrower should send proof of their own policy and any other information the servicer requested to the servicer and request that the servicer cancel the force-placed policy as soon as possible.

    Fetched on 2026-08-31. This page does not restate the Regulation X notice timing or the refund duty, so those points are cited to the regulation instead.

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33. [33]

    Eligibility | National Flood Insurance Program(opens the original record on FEMA, National Flood Insurance Program (FloodSmart))

    FEMA, National Flood Insurance Program (FloodSmart)RegulatorPrimaryJurisdiction USLast checked August 31, 2026Updates: FEMA updates NFIP program pages periodicallyID fema-nfip-eligibility

    What this source supports (5)

    • Most homeowners insurance does not cover flood damage, and it will not fulfill the mortgage or federal disaster assistance requirements for flood insurance.
    • You can get flood insurance from the National Flood Insurance Program if your city or town participates in the NFIP's floodplain management requirements.
    • You are required to have flood insurance if you own a home or business in a Special Flood Hazard Area and have a government-backed mortgage.
    • Some banks require flood insurance even if you do not live in a high-risk area, and the page tells readers to ask their mortgage lender about its flood insurance terms.
    • If a property has received federal disaster assistance before, flood insurance must be maintained to qualify for future disaster assistance, including FEMA disaster grants and Small Business Administration disaster loans.

    Effective: not stated on the page

    Active
34. [34]

    Types of Flood Insurance Coverage(opens the original record on FEMA, National Flood Insurance Program (agents.floodsmart.gov))

    FEMA, National Flood Insurance Program (agents.floodsmart.gov)RegulatorPrimaryJurisdiction USLast checked August 31, 2026Updates: FEMA updates NFIP coverage limits only when Congress raises them; verify limits before quoting.ID nfip-agents-coverage

    What this source supports (4)

    • A residential building can be insured for up to 250,000 dollars.
    • A non-residential building can be insured for up to 500,000 dollars.
    • Belongings can be insured up to 100,000 dollars under a residential policy and up to 500,000 dollars under a non-residential policy.
    • Belongings are covered for their value at the time of the damage, which the page calls Actual Cost Value, not their original cost, and there is no option for full replacement value.

    Fetched on 2026-08-31 and confirmed the four caps and the contents valuation language. The page uses the phrase Actual Cost Value. Any use of the phrase actual cash value is an editorial paraphrase and must not be presented as page language. This page does not address lender requirements.

    Active
35. [35]

    Selling Guide B7-3-02, Property Insurance Requirements for One- to Four-Unit Properties(opens the original record on Fannie Mae)

    Fannie MaeStandards bodyPrimaryJurisdiction USLast checked August 31, 2026Updates: Fannie Mae updates the Selling Guide on a roughly monthly announcement cycle.ID fnma-b7-3-02

    What this source supports (8)

    • Property insurance policies for one- to four-unit properties securing loans purchased by Fannie Mae should be written on a Special coverage form or equivalent. The page states this in should form, not as an absolute must.
    • The property insurance policy must provide coverage on a replacement cost basis, with the exception of roofs, and policies providing such terms of coverage will be deemed to provide sufficient coverage.
    • Roofs must be insured, but do not have to be insured on a replacement cost basis.
    • The maximum allowable deductible for all required property insurance perils for one- to four-unit properties is 5 percent of the property insurance coverage amount, and where a policy includes separate deductibles for different required perils, each individual deductible must not exceed 5 percent of the property insurance coverage amount.
    • The required perils listed are fire or lightning, explosion, windstorm including named storms, hail, smoke, aircraft, vehicles, and riot or civil commotion.
    • If a property insurance policy excludes or limits coverage of any of the required perils, the borrower must obtain an acceptable policy, for example a stand-alone policy, that provides adequate coverage for the limited or excluded peril.
    • This section does not state a coverage amount formula tied to the unpaid principal balance of the loan.
    • This section does not state flood insurance requirements and instead cross-references B7-3-06 for them, and it does not mention earthquake insurance.

    Fetched on 2026-08-31. The page displays an August 5, 2026 effective date. The coverage form sentence is written as should, not must, and is recorded that way here; a prior draft stated it as an absolute requirement. Flood insurance requirements are addressed in a different Selling Guide section, B7-3-06, which this page cross-references and which is cited separately in this bundle. Published: 2026-08-05 Effective: 2026-08-05

    Active
36. [36]

    Selling Guide B7-3-06, Flood Insurance Requirements for All Property Types(opens the original record on Fannie Mae)

    Fannie MaeStandards bodyPrimaryJurisdiction USLast checked August 31, 2026Updates: Fannie Mae updates the Selling Guide on a roughly monthly announcement cycle.ID fnma-b7-3-06

    What this source supports (5)

    • Flood insurance coverage is required when a loan is secured by a property located in a Special Flood Hazard Area, or a Coastal Barrier Resources System or Otherwise Protected Area.
    • For first mortgages, the minimum amount of flood insurance required is the lesser of 100 percent of the replacement cost value of the improvements, the maximum coverage amount available from NFIP, or the unpaid principal balance of the loan or the loan amount at the time of origination.
    • The deductible must not exceed the maximum deductible amount currently offered by NFIP for the applicable property type.
    • A Policy Declaration page is acceptable evidence of flood insurance.
    • Acceptable policies include standard NFIP policies and private flood insurance meeting Fannie Mae's coverage and insurer rating requirements.

    Fetched on 2026-08-31. The page displays a February 7, 2024 effective date. Added during remediation to correct a draft statement that the Fannie Mae requirement was silent on flood. Published: 2024-02-07 Effective: 2024-02-07

    Active
37. [37]

    Selling Guide B7-3-08, Mortgagee Clause, Named Insured, and Notice of Cancellation Requirements(opens the original record on Fannie Mae)

    Fannie MaeStandards bodyPrimaryJurisdiction USLast checked August 31, 2026Updates: Fannie Mae updates the Selling Guide on a roughly monthly announcement cycle.ID fnma-b7-3-08

    What this source supports (5)

    • The applicable insurance policy must include or have attached a standard or union mortgagee clause without contribution.
    • When Fannie Mae is named, the mortgagee clause must read Fannie Mae, in care of the servicer's name and address.
    • The individual property or flood insurance policy must name all persons holding title to the subject property as named insured.
    • The property insurance policy must provide for written notice to the named insured and mortgagee or mortgagees before the insurer can cancel the policy.
    • This section addresses naming and notice and does not state the amount of coverage required.

    Fetched on 2026-08-31. The page displays a December 14, 2022 effective date. Published: 2022-12-14 Effective: 2022-12-14

    Active
38. [38]

    Residential Insurance: Homeowners and Renters (information guide, text version)(opens the original record on California Department of Insurance)

    California Department of InsuranceRegulatorPrimaryJurisdiction CALast checked August 31, 2026Updates: revised periodically by CDI; the current text version carries the revision line Form 401 Revised January 2026, so compare that line against the live page each review cycleID cdi-residential-insurance-guide

    What this source supports (49)

    • The guide describes a homeowners policy in coverage parts: Coverage A Dwelling, Coverage B Other Structures, Coverage C Personal Property, Coverage D Loss of Use, Coverage E Personal Liability, and Coverage F Medical Payments to Others.
    • Coverage B Other Structures is normally limited to 10 percent of the Coverage A limit.
    • Coverage C provides protection for the contents of the home and other personal belongings owned by the insured and other family members who live with the insured, and additional amounts of insurance may be purchased.
    • The contents limit is generally around 50 percent of the dwelling amount, and the guide states that this is a guideline only.
    • Coverage D Loss of Use is normally limited to 20 percent of Coverage A.
    • Under the heading for what is typically covered by a homeowners policy if damage is caused by, the guide lists fourteen causes of loss: fire or lightning; windstorm or hail; explosion; riot or civil commotion; aircraft; vehicles; smoke; vandalism and malicious mischief; theft; volcanic eruption; falling objects; weight of ice, snow, sleet; sudden and accidental water damage; and breakage of glass.
    • The guide lists typical exclusions: flood; earthquake; earth movement; termites; insects, rats or mice; water damage caused by seepage or leaks; losses to a house vacant for 60 days or more; mold; wear and tear or maintenance; war; insurrection; tidal wave; neglect; and nuclear hazard.
    • The guide carries the instruction to read the exclusions in the insurance contract.
    • Coverage on certain types of property especially susceptible to loss is limited: jewelry, antiques, furs, collectibles, fine arts, firearms, silverware, and money.
    • The limited coverage amounts for specific types of personal property are not separate limits in addition to the contents limit; they are included in the overall contents limit and represent the maximum paid out for that specific type of personal property.
    • The guide defines the deductible as the amount of loss that the policyholder is responsible to pay up-front before covered benefits from the insurance company are payable.
    • The guide states that if the insured can afford to take a bit more of the risk, a larger deductible may significantly reduce the premium.
    • The guide states that an actual cash value policy will not completely replace the home, that a replacement cost policy improves the chances of being able to completely rebuild, that a policy cannot be sold as a guaranteed replacement cost policy unless it will pay to completely rebuild the home regardless of the coverage limit, and that other types of replacement cost policies will pay the policy limits plus a certain percentage above those limits.
    • For renters policies, the guide states that Coverage E Personal Liability is generally subject to a minimum of $100,000 and Coverage F Medical Payments to Others is generally subject to a minimum of $1,000.
    • The guide states that the landlord does not provide insurance for the tenant's personal property.
    • The guide identifies itself on the page as Form 401, Revised January 2026.
    • The guide lists the coverages of a homeowners policy as "Coverage A - Dwelling, Coverage B - Other Structures, Coverage C - Personal Property, Coverage D - Loss of Use, Coverage E - Personal Liability, Coverage F - Medical Payments to Others."
    • The guide describes Coverage D as follows: "This coverage will help with additional living expenses if your home is damaged by a peril insured against to the extent that you cannot live in your home. These expenses include, but are not limited to, housing, meals and warehouse storage. Coverage D is normally limited to 20 percent of Coverage A."
    • The guide states: "After a residential policy has been in effect for sixty days, the insurance company can only cancel a policy for reasons specified by law, which include; nonpayment of premium, fraud, material misrepresentation, or physical changes in the insured property that increase any hazard insured against."
    • The guide defines material misrepresentation as "A false statement given by an applicant of any important fact that had the insurance company known the truth, it would not have insured the risk."
    • The guide states: "The condominium association generally purchases insurance for the building structure and common areas, such as corridors and walls."
    • The guide states: "Like renters insurance, condominium unit-owners insurance provides coverage for personal property, loss of use, personal liability and medical payments to others. However, it also includes coverage for damages to the interior of the unit and improvements for which the unit owner is responsible to maintain in accordance with the governing rules of the condominium association."
    • The guide states: "Loss assessment may be an important coverage for you to consider, because it covers you for certain assessments that the condominium association makes as a result of a loss."
    • The dwelling limit should be the amount it would cost to replace your home, which may have nothing to do with the purchase price or the current market value.
    • Homeowners should base the limit on the cost of labor and materials necessary to rebuild the dwelling, not fluctuations in the real estate market.
    • Under an actual cash value settlement the recovery is reduced by a fair and reasonable deduction for physical depreciation, and with a replacement cost policy the chances that you will be able to completely rebuild your home are better.
    • Insurance coverage for losses resulting from floods is generally not provided in a homeowners or renters policy.
    • When an insurer writes your homeowners coverage in California, the insurer is legally obligated to offer you earthquake coverage for an additional premium.
    • What was previously called Extended Replacement Cost Coverage is now called Limited Replacement Cost Coverage.
    • The dwelling limit should be the amount it would cost to replace the home, and this may have nothing to do with the purchase price or the current market value of the home, as homeowners insurance does not generally cover the value of the land upon which the dwelling sits.
    • When determining the amount of coverage to purchase, consumers should consider the cost of labor and materials necessary to rebuild the dwelling, not fluctuations in the real estate market.
    • Insurance companies have their own formulas for evaluating replacement cost, and because those formulas are unique to each company, different insurers may suggest or require different limits of coverage for the same dwelling.
    • In a section summarizing key legislation, this guide describes Senate Bill 1855 (2004) as changing the use of the words Extended Replacement Cost Coverage in the California Residential Property Insurance Disclosure to Limited Replacement Cost Coverage. The page states this only as a description of that 2004 bill's effect on the wording of that disclosure; it does not state that Extended Replacement Cost Coverage is generally now called Limited Replacement Cost Coverage, and it gives no rationale specific to the change of words.
    • A policy cannot be sold as a guaranteed replacement cost policy unless it will pay to completely rebuild the home regardless of the coverage limit.
    • Unless the policy has building code upgrade coverage, the insurance company may not pay for changes needed to bring the structure up to current building codes.
    • CDI advises consumers to ask their agent, broker, or insurer whether they automatically review or increase limits on a regular basis, or whether they offer an automatic inflation guard option.
    • In its actual cash value discussion this guide uses the formulation the policy limit or the fair market value of the structure, whichever is less.
    • CDI describes a homeowners policy as divided into a property section with Coverage A dwelling, Coverage B other structures, Coverage C personal property and Coverage D loss of use, and a liability section with Coverage E personal liability and Coverage F medical payments to others.
    • CDI states that Coverage A provides major property coverage protecting the house and attached structures if damaged by a covered peril.
    • CDI states that Coverage B other structures is normally limited to 10 percent of the Coverage A limit, and that Coverage D loss of use is normally limited to 20 percent of Coverage A.
    • CDI states that certain personal property categories such as jewelry and firearms are subject to special limits that cap the amount paid.
    • CDI states that an actual cash value policy will not fully replace a destroyed home because it subtracts depreciation and pays either the repair cost less wear and tear or the policy limit, whichever is less.
    • CDI states that a policy cannot be sold as a guaranteed replacement cost policy unless it will pay to completely rebuild the home regardless of the coverage limit, and that other replacement cost variants pay the policy limits plus a certain percentage above those limits.
    • CDI warns that unless the policy has building code upgrade coverage, the insurance company may not pay for changes needed to bring the structure of the home up to current building codes.
    • CDI advises reviewing the dwelling limit initially and upon renewal, discussing any modifications to the home in writing with the agent, broker, or insurer, and contacting local general contractors to ask the current price per square foot for a home similar to your own.
    • CDI advises keeping an inventory of personal property listing all items owned, the dates purchased, and the price, and offers a free Home Inventory Guide.
    • CDI states that Coverage D reimburses housing, meals and warehouse storage when a covered loss makes the home uninhabitable, and advises keeping receipts for all additional living expenses and submitting them to the company for reimbursement consideration.
    • CDI warns that if you shop by comparing prices only and not by comparing coverage, you are doing yourself a disservice.
    • CDI notes that SB 1855 (2004) requires insurers to disclose, in the California Residential Property Insurance Disclosure and on the declarations page, that the cost to rebuild your home may be different from your homeowners policy limits, and that insurers must distribute the California Residential Property Insurance Bill of Rights every other year.

    Published: 2026-01 (the page carries the line Form 401 Revised January 2026) Effective: not stated on the page

    Active
39. [39]

    Approved Certificates of Insurance(opens the original record on New York State Department of Financial Services)

    New York State Department of Financial ServicesRegulatorPrimaryJurisdiction NYLast checked August 31, 2026Updates: DFS adds form editions as ACORD publishes them and DFS approves them.ID nydfs-approved-certificates

    What this source supports (6)

    • The form titled Certificate of Liability Insurance is ACORD 25.
    • The form titled Certificate of Property Insurance is ACORD 24.
    • The form titled Evidence of Property Insurance is ACORD 27.
    • The form titled Evidence of Commercial Property Insurance is ACORD 28.
    • The form titled Evidence of Flood Insurance is ACORD 29.
    • Each of these forms appears on the New York Department of Financial Services list of approved certificates of insurance, with multiple approved editions listed for several of them.

    Fetched on 2026-08-31 and confirmed the form numbers and titles against the page's table. The page notes that ACORD certificate content is copyrighted, so no form wording is reproduced. This page establishes form numbers and titles and the fact of New York approval; it does not state what any lender requires.

    Active
40. [40]

    Texas Insurance Code Section 1811.051 - Altering, Amending, or Extending the Terms of an Insurance Policy; Contractual Rights of Certificate Holder(opens the original record on Public.Law (unofficial reproduction of the Texas Insurance Code))

    Public.Law (unofficial reproduction of the Texas Insurance Code)Primary lawPrimaryJurisdiction TXThird-party reproductionLast checked August 31, 2026Updates: Amended only by the Texas Legislature; recheck against statutes.capitol.texas.gov when that site returns statutory text.ID tx-ins-code-1811-051

    What this source supports (6)

    • Section 1811.051(a) provides that a property or casualty insurer or agent may not issue a certificate of insurance or any other type of document purporting to be a certificate of insurance if the certificate or document alters, amends, or extends the coverage or terms and conditions provided by the insurance policy referenced on the certificate or document.
    • Section 1811.051(b) provides that a certificate of insurance or any other type of document may not convey a contractual right to a certificate holder.
    • The section is titled 'Altering, Amending, or Extending the Terms of an Insurance Policy; Contractual Rights of Certificate Holder.'
    • The page carries the history note: Added by Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1212 (S.B. 425), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2011.
    • A property or casualty insurer or agent may not issue a certificate of insurance or any other type of document purporting to be a certificate of insurance if the certificate or document alters, amends, or extends the coverage or terms and conditions provided by the insurance policy referenced on the certificate or document.
    • A certificate of insurance or any other type of document may not convey a contractual right to a certificate holder.

    Unofficial host. Public.Law is an independent private publisher, not the Texas Legislature; the official citation is Tex. Ins. Code Sec. 1811.051. Fetched 2026-08-31 and read subsections (a) and (b) verbatim along with the history note. The official page at https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/IN/htm/IN.1811.htm was retested on 2026-08-31 and returned only site navigation rather than statutory text, which is why this reproduction is cited. primary is set to false because this is a secondary reproduction of primary law. Published: 2011-09-01 Effective: 2011-09-01

    ActiveReproduction
41. [41]

    California Insurance Code Section 1764.1 (surplus line insurance disclosure notice)(opens the original record on California Legislature, California Legislative Information (leginfo))

    California Legislature, California Legislative Information (leginfo)Primary lawPrimaryJurisdiction CALast checked September 5, 2026Updates: Amended by the California Legislature from time to time; verify the current text on leginfo before relying on it.ID ca-ins-code-1764-1

    What this source supports (11)

    • The required notice states that the insurance policy is being issued by an insurer that is not licensed by the State of California.
    • The required notice states that the insurer is not subject to the financial solvency regulation and enforcement that apply to California licensed insurers.
    • The required notice states that the insurer does not participate in any of the insurance guarantee funds created by California law, and that those funds will not pay claims or protect assets if the insurer becomes insolvent.
    • The disclosure must appear in boldface 16-point type on a freestanding document, and must be signed by the applicant.
    • The disclosure must also be included in boldface 16-point type on the front page of the policy.
    • Section 1764.1(a)(1) places the responsibility for obtaining the applicant's signature on both the nonadmitted insurer and the surplus line broker, and applies it at the time of accepting an application for a policy other than a renewal of that policy.
    • Section 1764.1(a)(1) requires the surplus line broker to keep a copy of the signed disclosure in the broker's records for at least five years, and to make those records available to the commissioner and to the insured on request.
    • Section 1764.1(a)(1) provides that the disclosure must be signed by the applicant and is not subject to a limited power of attorney agreement between the applicant and an agent, broker, or surplus line broker.
    • Section 1764.1(a)(2) provides that where the applicant has not received and completed the signed disclosure form the section requires, the applicant may cancel the insurance so placed, that the cancellation shall be on a pro rata basis as to premium, and that the applicant is entitled to the return of any broker's fees charged for the placement.
    • Section 1764.1(b) directs the reader of the notice to ask questions of their agent, broker or surplus line broker, or to contact the California Department of Insurance at 1-800-927-4357 or at www.insurance.ca.gov, and to ask whether the insurer is licensed as a foreign or non-United States insurer.
    • Section 1764.1(b) requires the notice to be printed in English and in the language principally used by the surplus line broker and nonadmitted insurer to advertise, solicit, or negotiate the sale and purchase of surplus line insurance.

    Rechecked 2026-09-05 against the section's own page and extended. The earlier entry recorded only the notice text and deliberately set aside the recordkeeping and cancellation provisions; those are now read and recorded, because subdivision (a)(2) is the operative consequence of the requirement and is the part a reader is least likely to be told. A placement made without the signed disclosure is cancellable by the insured, pro rata, with the broker fee returned.

    Active
42. [42]

    California Insurance Code Section 1063.1 (California Insurance Guarantee Association: definitions, including covered claims)(opens the original record on California Legislature, California Legislative Information (leginfo))

    California Legislature, California Legislative Information (leginfo)Primary lawPrimaryJurisdiction CALast checked August 31, 2026Updates: Amended by the California Legislature from time to time; verify the current text on leginfo before relying on it.ID ca-ins-code-1063-1

    What this source supports (5)

    • The section opens with the phrase 'As used in this article', so the definitions in it are stated for purposes of the California Insurance Guarantee Association article of the Insurance Code and not as general definitions.
    • Covered claims do not include that portion of a claim, other than a claim for workers' compensation benefits, that is in excess of five hundred thousand dollars ($500,000).
    • The section provides that a claim for damage to, or loss of, a dwelling structure under a policy of residential property insurance shall not exceed one million dollars ($1,000,000) or the amount recoverable under the policy, whichever is less.
    • The paragraph containing the one hundred dollar floor opens with an exception: 'Covered claims,' except in cases involving a claim for workers' compensation benefits or for unearned premiums, does not include a claim in an amount of one hundred dollars ($100) or less, or the portion of a claim that is in excess of the applicable limits provided in the insurance policy issued by the insolvent insurer. The workers' compensation and unearned premium exception governs that whole paragraph.
    • Covered claims do not include an obligation of the insolvent insurer arising from a policy or contract of insurance issued or renewed before the insolvent insurer's admission to transact insurance in the State of California.

    Fetched 2026-08-31. All quoted exclusions and the dwelling structure sentence were read on the page. Re-fetched on 2026-08-31 for the exact text of the paragraph carrying the one hundred dollar floor, because an earlier draft quoted that exclusion without its statutory exception; the paragraph opens 'Covered claims,' except in cases involving a claim for workers' compensation benefits or for unearned premiums, and that exception governs both the $100 floor and the excess-of-policy-limits clause in the same paragraph. The 'As used in this article' scope language was confirmed on the same fetch and is recorded here so the caps are not quoted outside the article that defines them.

    Active
43. [43]

    California Insurance Code Section 2051.5 (replacement cost measure of indemnity, actual cash value holdback, and time to collect)(opens the original record on California Legislative Information (official))

    California Legislative Information (official)Primary lawPrimaryJurisdiction CALast checked August 31, 2026Updates: amended by legislation, including post-wildfire bills; re-check leginfo each sessionID ca-ins-code-2051-5

    What this source supports (11)

    • Under an open policy that requires payment of the replacement cost for a loss, the measure of indemnity is the amount that it would cost the insured to repair, rebuild, or replace the thing lost or injured, without a deduction for physical depreciation, or the policy limit, whichever is less.
    • A time limit of less than 12 months from the date that the first payment toward the actual cash value is made shall not be placed upon an insured to collect the full replacement cost.
    • For a loss relating to a state of emergency, a time limit of less than 36 months from the date that the first payment toward the actual cash value is made shall not be placed upon the insured.
    • An insurer shall provide to a policyholder one or more additional extensions of six months for good cause where delays are beyond the insured's control.
    • For a loss relating to a state of emergency, an insurer shall not require the insured to provide proof of loss less than 100 days after the loss.
    • On and after July 1, 2026, all policy forms issued or renewed by an insurer shall comply with this section in its entirety.
    • The section states its own scope: it applies 'Under an open policy that requires payment of the replacement cost for a loss'.
    • Within that scope, the measure of indemnity is the amount that it would cost the insured to repair, rebuild, or replace the thing lost or injured, without a deduction for physical depreciation, or the policy limit, whichever is less.
    • The insurer pays the actual cash value of the damaged property until the damaged property is repaired, rebuilt, or replaced, and once it is repaired, rebuilt, or replaced the insurer pays the difference.
    • A time limit of less than 12 months from the date that the first payment toward the actual cash value is made shall not be placed upon an insured, and a time limit of less than 36 months shall not be placed upon the insured for a loss relating to a state of emergency.
    • The insurer shall provide one or more additional extensions of six months for good cause, where the insured acting in good faith and with reasonable diligence encounters delays beyond the insured's control in approval for or reconstruction of the home or residence.

    Effective: 2026-07-01 for full policy-form compliance, per subdivision (e) as displayed

    Active
44. [44]

    Residential Property Claims Guide (CDI Form 405)(opens the original record on California Department of Insurance)

    California Department of InsuranceRegulatorPrimaryJurisdiction CALast checked August 31, 2026Updates: Revised by CDI as consumer guidance is updated; no fixed schedule stated.ID cdi-residential-property-claims-guide

    What this source supports (6)

    • Replacement cost is the dollar amount needed to replace a damaged item with one of similar kind and quality without deducting for depreciation.
    • This page describes actual cash value as paying the amount needed to replace the item at the current market value, and its illustration reasons that an eight-year-old washing machine would almost certainly be worth less than its original cost according to the current market value.
    • The guide defines replacement cost as the dollar amount needed to replace a damaged item with one of similar kind and quality without deducting for depreciation.
    • The guide states that an actual cash value policy pays the amount needed to replace the item at the current market value, and illustrates the difference with an eight-year-old washing machine, for which the insurer would likely pay only a percentage of the cost of a new machine.
    • For trees and shrubbery the guide gives a general figure of 5 percent of the dwelling limit of liability provided as an additional amount of insurance, with a $500.00 (and in some cases $250.00) limit for loss to any one tree, shrub, or plant.
    • The guide instructs consumers to check the language in their individual policy for the coverage that applies.

    Fetched 2026-08-31. Page carries the stamp Form 405 Revised February 28, 2025. Correction from the prior draft: this page does NOT frame actual cash value in terms of depreciation. It frames it as the amount needed to replace the item at the current market value. The earlier claim that the page says an ACV settlement takes depreciation due to age and wear into account was a paraphrase the page does not support and has been rewritten in the page's own terms. Only the replacement cost definition is cited in prose. Published: 2025-02-28 Effective: 2025-02-28

    Active
45. [45]

    Check out the Insurance Company(opens the original record on California Department of Insurance)

    California Department of InsuranceRegulatorSecondaryJurisdiction CALast checked August 31, 2026Updates: CDI updates its consumer pages without a published revision schedule; no revision date was shown on the page when fetched.ID cdi-check-insurance-company

    What this source supports (1)

    • CDI tells consumers to search Insurance Company Profiles to verify that an insurance company is authorized to conduct business in California, and to enter the name of the company to view the full company information.

    Fetched 2026-08-31 and added in this revision so the recommendation to verify an insurer's status is attached to a source rather than asserted. The page showed no revision date. It is cited only for the existence and purpose of the Insurance Company Profiles search, not for what any lookup result would say about any particular insurer.

    Active
46. [46]

    Commercial general liability insurance (consumer publication)(opens the original record on Texas Department of Insurance)

    Texas Department of InsuranceRegulatorPrimaryJurisdiction TXLast checked August 31, 2026Updates: TDI updates its consumer publications periodically; the page fetched on 2026-08-31 showed 'Last updated 1/20/2021'.ID tdi-cgl-guide

    What this source supports (5)

    • TDI states that occurrence policies cover claims arising from injury or damage occurring while the policy is in force, regardless of when the claim is first made.
    • TDI states that claims-made policies cover claims that arise from injury or damage occurring during the policy period and reported to the insurer during the policy period.
    • TDI lists common commercial general liability exclusions including damage to your work, damage to your product, contractual liability, recall of products, work, or impaired property, and workers' compensation and employer's liability, and also discusses pollution exclusions.
    • Writing about surplus lines insurance, TDI states that defense costs could be included within the limit of liability, and that prior acts or run-off coverage may not be available.
    • TDI advises policyholders to carefully review their policy and any endorsements to know exactly what the policy does and does not cover.

    Fetched 2026-08-31; last-updated date of 1/20/2021 confirmed on the page. This is Texas regulator guidance and is cited in this bundle for how the mechanisms work, not as California law. Note that TDI's claims-made description (injury during the policy period and reported during the policy period) is narrower than the NAIC description, so the two are cited separately rather than stacked on one sentence. The page does not discuss per-occurrence versus aggregate limits or sub-limits, and is not cited for those. Published: 2021-01-20 Effective: 2021-01-20

    Active
47. [47]

    N.J.A.C. 11:13-7.3, Defense costs within policy limits(opens the original record on New Jersey Administrative Code, text hosted by Cornell Legal Information Institute)

    New Jersey Administrative Code, text hosted by Cornell Legal Information InstituteSecondaryPrimaryJurisdiction NJThird-party reproductionLast checked August 31, 2026Updates: New Jersey amends its Administrative Code by rulemaking; confirm the current text against the State of New Jersey's official publication of the Administrative Code before relying on it.ID njac-11-13-7-3

    What this source supports (6)

    • The rule provides that no commercial insurance policy shall be issued or renewed on a form required to be filed pursuant to N.J.S.A. 17:29AA-1 et seq. which contains a provision that includes defense costs within policy limits, except as provided in that section.
    • The rule provides that no defense costs shall be charged against any deductible amount.
    • The rule provides that lawyers and medical malpractice professional liability insurance policies may contain a provision that includes defense costs within policy limits provided the policy conforms to the standards set forth in the subsections it names.
    • Within the subsection that governs lawyers and medical malpractice professional liability policy forms including defense costs within policy limits, the rule provides that the policy form shall provide a minimum limit of liability of $1,000,000.
    • Within that same lawyers and medical malpractice subsection, the rule provides that defense costs shall not reduce the portion of the limit of liability that remains available to pay claims until defense costs have been incurred in an amount that equals or exceeds 50 percent of the policy limit of liability. This provision is not stated for commercial policies generally.
    • In a separate subsection that opens 'Notwithstanding that they do not conform with (c) above' and reaches medical malpractice professional liability policy forms only, the rule conditions the offering of such forms on the insurer securing a certification on a policyholder notice signed by the applicant confirming that a policy providing defense costs outside the limit of liability was offered to the applicant and the applicant declined such coverage. This certification requirement is not stated for lawyers professional liability policies or for commercial policies generally.

    Fetched 2026-08-31 and all six claims read on the page. Re-fetched on 2026-08-31 specifically to confirm the subsection structure, because an earlier draft stated the 50 percent threshold and the signed certification as general features of the rule. They are not. Subsection (a) carries the general prohibition and the no-defense-costs-against-a-deductible provision; (b) permits defense within limits for lawyers and medical malpractice policies; (c) sets the standards for those forms, including the $1,000,000 minimum limit and the 50 percent threshold; and (d), which opens 'Notwithstanding that they do not conform with (c) above', reaches medical malpractice forms only and carries the signed certification requirement. authorityLevel is recorded as 'secondary' rather than 'primary-law' because this is a hosted copy of New Jersey primary law; the State of New Jersey's own publication of N.J.A.C. 11:13-7.3 was not fetched for this bundle, and officialHost is recorded as false for that reason. This rule is New Jersey law and does not govern California-issued policies; it is cited here because its text describes the defense-within-limits mechanism, and the prose says so inline.

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48. [48]

    Insurance Topics: Medical Malpractice Insurance(opens the original record on National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC))

    National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC)Standards bodyPrimaryJurisdiction USLast checked August 31, 2026Updates: NAIC updates its Insurance Topics pages periodically; the page fetched on 2026-08-31 displayed a last updated date of 04/01/2026.ID naic-medical-malpractice

    What this source supports (2)

    • NAIC states that many insurers write on a claims-made form basis, where a policy in effect at the time a claim is reported responds for the loss, while the policy remains in force and during any applicable extended reporting period.
    • NAIC states that an occurrence policy covers a loss that occurs during the policy period, regardless of when the claim was made, and even after the policy has been canceled.

    Fetched 2026-08-31; both claims read verbatim and the displayed last updated date of 04/01/2026 recorded as publishedDate. The page mentions extended reporting periods only in a dependent clause and carries nothing about how a tail is purchased, how long it stays available, or what it costs, so this source is not cited for tail mechanics anywhere in this bundle. Published: 2026-04-01

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49. [49]

    Insurance Topics: Homeowners Insurance(opens the original record on National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC))

    National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC)Standards bodyPrimaryJurisdiction USLast checked August 31, 2026Updates: NAIC updates its Insurance Topics pages periodically; the page fetched on 2026-08-31 displayed a last updated date of 10/25/2025.ID naic-homeowners

    What this source supports (8)

    • NAIC states that coverage can be for all perils, except those explicitly excluded, or for just those perils specifically named in the policy.
    • NAIC states that the limits of coverage for the other coverages are typically calculated as percentages of the dwelling limit.
    • NAIC's page states that all homeowners insurance policies cover the structure of the home, including attached structures, fixtures and built-in appliances, and that most policies also cover home contents and personal liability for covered accidents. This is NAIC's general description of the market, not a reading of any particular filed form.
    • NAIC states that a home can be insured based on replacement cost, meaning the cost to rebuild, or on actual cash value.
    • NAIC states that separate policies for flood or earthquake coverage also may be purchased by those in areas prone to these perils.
    • NAIC lists optional add-ons including coverage for unattached structures, personal property, medical payments, additional living expenses, sewer backup, and umbrella liability.
    • NAIC states that the lower the deductible amount, the higher the policy premium.
    • NAIC publishes A Consumer's Guide to Home Insurance and a home inventory app.

    Fetched 2026-08-31; both claims read verbatim and the displayed last updated date of 10/25/2025 recorded as publishedDate, correcting an earlier draft that recorded this as unknown. The page does not name HO-3 or any other specific form and does not discuss endorsements, so it is not cited for form-specific behavior. Published: 2025-10-25

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50. [50]

    Standard Flood Insurance Policy, Dwelling Form (44 CFR part 61, appendix A(1))(opens the original record on FEMA National Flood Insurance Program, Code of Federal Regulations, text hosted by Cornell Legal Information Institute)

    FEMA National Flood Insurance Program, Code of Federal Regulations, text hosted by Cornell Legal Information InstituteSecondaryPrimaryJurisdiction USThird-party reproductionLast checked August 31, 2026Updates: FEMA amends the Standard Flood Insurance Policy by rulemaking; confirm the current codified text on eCFR or govinfo before relying on it.ID nfip-sfip-dwelling-form

    What this source supports (5)

    • The Dwelling Form defines direct physical loss by or from flood as loss or damage to insured property, directly caused by a flood, and states that there must be evidence of physical changes to the property.
    • The Dwelling Form defines actual cash value as the cost to replace an insured item of property at the time of loss, less the value of its physical depreciation.
    • The Dwelling Form applies replacement cost settlement to a single family dwelling that is the insured's principal residence when, at the time of loss, the amount of insurance in the policy that applies to the dwelling is 80 percent or more of its full replacement cost immediately before the loss, or is the maximum amount of insurance available under the NFIP. The two branches are stated in the alternative, so satisfying either one meets the insurance-amount condition.
    • The Dwelling Form provides separate coverages with separate limits for Building Property and Personal Property, with the limit amounts shown on the Declarations Page, and provides that separate deductibles apply to the building and personal property insured by the policy.
    • The Dwelling Form provides that the insurer will pay no more than $2,500 for any one loss to one or more of several listed kinds of personal property, including artwork, photographs, collectibles, or memorabilia, rare books, jewelry, and furs.

    Fetched 2026-08-31 and each claim read on the page. Re-fetched on 2026-08-31 to read the Loss Settlement replacement cost condition in full, because an earlier draft quoted only the 80 percent branch; the form states the insurance-amount condition in the alternative, '80 percent or more of its full replacement cost immediately before the loss, or is the maximum amount of insurance available under the NFIP', and both branches are now recorded. eCFR was tried again on 2026-08-31 for the official rendering and returned a redirect to unblock.federalregister.gov rather than the appendix, so the Cornell hosted copy remains the accessible text. authorityLevel is recorded as 'secondary' rather than 'primary-law' for that reason. This is one specific published federal form and is cited as an example that anyone can read, not as representative of private homeowners or commercial form wording.

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51. [51]

    Another Planet Entertainment, LLC v. Vigilant Insurance Company, No. S277893 (Cal., opinion filed May 23, 2024)(opens the original record on Opinion of the Supreme Court of California; opinion text read on FindLaw, a Thomson Reuters commercial host)

    Opinion of the Supreme Court of California; opinion text read on FindLaw, a Thomson Reuters commercial hostPrimary lawSecondaryJurisdiction CAThird-party reproductionLast checked August 31, 2026Updates: Static once filed; could be affected by later appellate decisions or legislation.ID another-planet-2024

    What this source supports (7)

    • The page presents the opinion of the Supreme Court of California in Another Planet Entertainment LLC v. Vigilant Insurance Company, docket No. S277893, decided May 23, 2024.
    • The certified question presented was whether the actual or potential presence of the COVID-19 virus on an insured's premises can constitute direct physical loss or damage to property for purposes of coverage under a commercial property insurance policy.
    • The court answered that the actual or potential presence of COVID-19 on an insured's premises generally does not constitute direct physical loss or damage to property.
    • The court stated that direct physical loss or damage to property requires a distinct, demonstrable, physical alteration to property.
    • The court stated that the alteration need not be visible to the naked eye and need not be structural, but it must result in some injury to or impairment of the property as property.
    • The insured, Another Planet Entertainment, operated venues for live entertainment including concerts, festivals, and events at locations in California and Nevada.
    • The page identifies the underlying federal appellate proceeding by the reporter citation Another Planet Entertainment, LLC v. Vigilant Insurance Co. (2022) 56 F.4th 730.

    Published: 2024-05-23 Effective: 2024-05-23

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